(Table 1) Age determination of sediment core MD01-2404@en

We analyzed the high-resolution foraminifer isotope records, total organic carbon (TOC), and opal content from an Okinawa Trough core MD012404 in order to estimate the monsoon hydrography and productivity changes in the East China Sea (ECS) of the tropical western Pacific over the past 100,000 years. The variability shown in the records on orbital time scales indicates that high TOC intervals coincide with the increases of boreal May-September insolation driven by precession cycles (~21 ka), implying a strong connection to the variations in monsoons. We also observed possibly nearly synchronous, millennial-scale changes of the ECS surface hydrography (mainly driven by salinity changes but also by temperature effects) and productivity coincident with monsoon events in the Hulu/Dongge stalagmite isotope records. We found that increased freshening and high productivity correlate with high monsoon intensity in interstadials. This study suggests that the millennial-scale changes in monsoon hydrography and productivity in the ECS are remarkable and persistent features over the past 100,000 years.本研究对取自热带西太平洋东海（East China Sea, ECS）冲绳海槽（Okinawa Trough）MD012404岩芯的高分辨率有孔虫同位素记录（foraminifer isotope records）、总有机碳（total organic carbon, TOC）及蛋白石含量（opal content）开展分析，旨在重建过去10万年以来该海域的季风水文状况（monsoon hydrography）与生产力演化。这些记录在轨道时间尺度（orbital time scales）上展现的变异性显示，总有机碳高值区间与岁差周期（precession cycles，约21 ka）驱动的北半球5-9月日照量（boreal May-September insolation）升高相吻合，表明其与季风变化存在紧密关联。本研究同时观测到，东海表层水文状况（surface hydrography，主要受盐度变化（salinity changes）驱动，同时也受温度影响（temperature effects））与生产力的千年尺度变化（millennial-scale changes），大致与葫芦洞/董哥洞石笋同位素记录（Hulu/Dongge stalagmite isotope records）中的季风事件（monsoon events）同步发生。研究发现，间冰阶（interstadials）中海水淡化程度升高与高生产力状况，均与季风强度增强呈显著正相关。本研究表明，过去10万年以来东海季风水文状况与生产力的千年尺度变化，是显著且持续存在的演化特征。