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Empirical data were obtained by questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was distributed to middle and senior managers of large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in 30 provinces in China. Manufacturing enterprises mainly include communication equipment, special equipment, biomedical, transportation and other industries. The questionnaire content was adjusted according to China’s national conditions and research purposes on the basis of existing literature. First, we obtained a set of semi-open questionnaire, mainly by analyzing authority scale, translating and comparing measurement items. Secondly, 45 EMBA and MBA students who are middle and senior managers working in manufacturing enterprises were selected to predict the questionnaire in December 2021. According to the survey results, the specialized terms and repeated items in the questionnaire content were modified to form a formal questionnaire. See Appendix 1 for details. Finally, 1200 questionnaires were distributed in two ways from January to June 2022. Among them, 600 anonymous questionnaires were issued to middle and senior managers of school-enterprise cooperative enterprises by fax and email. The 600 online questionnaires were obtained through a recurring questionnaire based on social relationships. 565 valid questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 47.10%. Then 56 questionnaires were removed with missing options or regular answers, 509 valid questionnaires were obtained with effective recovery of 42.40%