16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice treated with PepO protein

This study investigates the therapeutic effects of endopeptidase O (PepO) from Streptococcus pneumoniae on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, focusing on its impact on the gut microbiota. Mice were divided into control, DSS-induced colitis, and PepO-treated groups. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed on fecal/intestinal content samples to analyze changes in microbial composition and diversity. Our results demonstrate that PepO treatment significantly reshapes the gut microbiota by enriching beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Furthermore, the protective effect of PepO against colitis was found to be dependent on the gut microbiota. This BioProject contains the raw 16S rRNA sequencing data used to evaluate how PepO modulates the microbiota-immune axis to alleviate intestinal inflammation.