High genotypic diversity and strong spatial structure in populations of Trifolium alpestre with low seed production

The studies on clonal plant populations indicate that the proportion between clonal and sexual reproduction may be highly variable, depending on the biological characteristics of species and the ecological conditions of habitats. We focused on the genotypic diversity of Trifolium alpestre populations in Estonia. We assayed the genetic diversity, spatial genotypic structure and diversity with the use of allozyme markers. Populations revealed high levels of genotypic diversity and showed strong spatial structure of MLGs. The values of genetic diversity were moderately high. Spatially aggregated, identical genotypes spread up to 15 meters along the linear transects and in 4 m2 plots indicate extensive clonal propagation in populations. However, numerous unique and small-sized clones in transects and quadrates reflect significant contribution from the sexual reproduction. The spatially and temporarily stochastic soil disturbances have evidently opened new opportunities for the successful se...