electricsheepafrica/african-public-debt-management
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---
pretty_name: African Public Debt Management
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
- tabular-regression
tags:
- governance
- public-debt
- fiscal-policy
- sub-saharan-africa
- synthetic
- lmic
- debt-sustainability
- macroeconomics
- development-economics
- debt-management
- africa
- imf
- world-bank
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
configs:
- config_name: baseline
data_files: data/baseline.csv
- config_name: debt_consolidation
data_files: data/debt_consolidation.csv
- config_name: debt_distress
data_files: data/debt_distress.csv
dataset_info:
description: |
Synthetic dataset of public debt management indicators for 12 Sub-Saharan African
countries across 3 policy scenarios, parameterized from IMF, World Bank, and AfDB
reports.
features:
- name: country
dtype: string
description: Country name
- name: year
dtype: int16
description: Observation year
- name: scenario
dtype: string
description: Policy scenario (baseline, debt_consolidation, debt_distress)
- name: debt_to_gdp_pct
dtype: float32
description: Total government debt as percentage of GDP
- name: external_debt_pct
dtype: float32
description: Share of total debt owed to external creditors (%)
- name: domestic_debt_pct
dtype: float32
description: Share of total debt held by domestic creditors (%)
- name: debt_service_ratio_pct
dtype: float32
description: Debt service payments as percentage of government revenue
- name: concessional_debt_pct
dtype: float32
description: Share of external debt on concessional terms (%)
- name: average_maturity_years
dtype: float32
description: Weighted average remaining maturity of debt stock (years)
- name: average_interest_rate_pct
dtype: float32
description: Weighted average effective interest rate on debt stock (%)
- name: debt_sustainability_rating
dtype: int8
description: Composite debt sustainability rating (1=low risk, 5=debt distress)
- name: refinancing_risk_score
dtype: float32
description: Refinancing risk score (0-100, higher = greater risk)
- name: primary_balance_pct
dtype: float32
description: Primary fiscal balance as percentage of GDP (positive = surplus)
- name: fiscal_space_score
dtype: float32
description: Fiscal space score (0-100, higher = more fiscal room)
- name: gdp_growth_pct
dtype: float32
description: Real GDP growth rate (%)
- name: inflation_pct
dtype: float32
description: Consumer price inflation (%)
- name: reserves_months_imports
dtype: float32
description: Foreign exchange reserves in months of import cover
- name: revenue_to_gdp_pct
dtype: float32
description: Government revenue as percentage of GDP
- name: expenditure_to_gdp_pct
dtype: float32
description: Government expenditure as percentage of GDP
---
# African Public Debt Management Dataset
## Overview
This dataset provides synthetic public debt management indicators for **12 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries** across **3 policy scenarios** (baseline, debt consolidation, debt distress), totaling **29,988 records** with **19 variables** per record.
The data is parameterized from published indicators and stylized facts reported by the **IMF**, **World Bank**, **AfDB**, and **UNCTAD**, capturing realistic distributions of debt-to-GDP ratios, debt composition, debt service burdens, concessional financing shares, and macroeconomic fundamentals.
## Countries
| Country | Region | Debt Profile |
|---------|--------|-------------|
| Nigeria | West Africa | Moderate debt/GDP (~40-55%), high service-to-revenue, Eurobond-dependent |
| Kenya | East Africa | Elevated debt/GDP (~67%), refinancing pressure, infrastructure-driven |
| Ghana | West Africa | Post-restructuring (~44%), IMF program, was in debt distress (>80%) |
| South Africa | Southern Africa | High debt/GDP (~78%), predominantly domestic, SOE risks |
| DRC | Central Africa | Low debt/GDP (~24%), heavily concessional, IDA-eligible |
| Ethiopia | East Africa | Low-moderate (~28%), restructuring under G20 Common Framework |
| Tanzania | East Africa | Moderate (~46%), concessional-heavy, fiscal discipline |
| Rwanda | East Africa | Rising rapidly (~85%), concessional-heavy, ambitious spending |
| Mozambique | Southern Africa | Very high (~97%), debt distress, hidden debt legacy |
| Zambia | Southern Africa | Post-restructuring (~70%), was in debt distress |
| Senegal | West Africa | Rising (~65%), oil/gas transition, infrastructure investment |
| Côte d'Ivoire | West Africa | Moderate (~56%), infrastructure-driven, first IDA Eurobond issuer |
## Scenarios
### Baseline
Current trajectory reflecting prevailing fiscal policies, debt composition, and macroeconomic conditions. Debt-to-GDP ratios average ~58%, with debt service consuming ~25-30% of revenue. Years: 2018–2025.
### Debt Consolidation
Favorable policy path: fiscal tightening, extended maturities, increased concessional borrowing, lower interest rates, stronger growth. Debt-to-GDP falls ~15%, debt service ratio drops ~25%. Years: 2022–2030.
### Debt Distress
Adverse scenario: rising debt stocks, refinancing difficulties, loss of concessional access, higher interest rates, weaker growth, rising inflation. Debt-to-GDP rises ~25%, debt service ratio increases ~50%. Years: 2020–2028.
## Variable Descriptions
### Core Debt Indicators
- **debt_to_gdp_pct**: Total government debt as percentage of GDP. World Bank/IMF threshold of 55% used for low-income countries; many SSA countries exceed this.
- **external_debt_pct**: Share of total public debt owed to external creditors (multilateral, bilateral, private). SSA average ~42% of total debt stock.
- **domestic_debt_pct**: Share held by domestic creditors (banks, pension funds, central bank). Complement of external_debt_pct.
- **debt_service_ratio_pct**: Total debt service (principal + interest) as percentage of government revenue. SSA median ~18.7% for external debt service alone (UNCTAD 2024); many countries exceed 30%.
### Debt Composition & Terms
- **concessional_debt_pct**: Share of external debt on concessional terms (below-market interest, long grace periods). IDA-eligible countries typically >50%; market-accessing countries <30%.
- **average_maturity_years**: Weighted average remaining maturity. Shorter maturity = higher rollover risk. Concessional loans: 15-30 years; Eurobonds: 5-10 years.
- **average_interest_rate_pct**: Weighted average effective rate. Concessional: 0.5-2%; commercial: 5-10%; Eurobonds: 6-12%.
### Risk & Sustainability
- **debt_sustainability_rating**: Composite rating 1-5 based on debt-to-GDP, debt service ratio, concessionality, and interest rates. 1=low risk, 3=moderate risk, 5=debt distress. Based on IMF-World Bank DSF methodology.
- **refinancing_risk_score**: Score 0-100 capturing rollover risk from maturity structure, debt level, and concessionality.
- **fiscal_space_score**: Score 0-100 capturing room for counter-cyclical spending based on primary balance, debt level, revenue mobilization, and debt service burden.
### Fiscal & Macro
- **primary_balance_pct**: Fiscal balance excluding interest payments (% of GDP). Negative = deficit.
- **gdp_growth_pct**: Real GDP growth. SSA average ~3.5-4% pre-COVID, recovering post-2020.
- **inflation_pct**: Consumer price inflation. Varies widely: 3-5% (WAEMU) to 20%+ (Ethiopia, Ghana).
- **reserves_months_imports**: Foreign exchange reserves in months of import cover. <3 months = vulnerability threshold.
- **revenue_to_gdp_pct**: Government revenue/GDP. SSA average ~16%, well below OECD ~34%. Critical constraint.
- **expenditure_to_gdp_pct**: Government expenditure/GDP.
## Data Sources & Parameterization
Parameters derived from:
1. **IMF Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-Saharan Africa** (April 2025) — median debt-to-GDP <60%, debt stabilization trends
2. **World Bank International Debt Report 2025** — LMIC external debt stocks, service ratios, creditor composition
3. **AfDB "State of Play of Debt Burden in Africa 2024"** — debt sustainability assessments, liquidity indicators
4. **UNCTAD external debt sustainability data** — SSA debt service at 18.7% of revenue (3× 2014 levels)
5. **ONE Data "African Debt"** (Feb 2025) — 21 low-income African countries in/at risk of debt distress
6. **Debt Service Watch 2024** — SSA spending 55% of revenue on debt service
Key stylized facts embedded in parameters:
- SSA aggregate debt-to-GDP ~61% (2024), with wide country dispersion (24% DRC to 97% Mozambique)
- Debt service consuming 15-55% of government revenue across the region
- Commercial debt share rising from 20% to 43% of total since 2000 (AfDB)
- 25+ African countries carrying excess debt or high risk (AfDB)
- Concessional financing declining as countries access capital markets
## Intended Use
- **Debt sustainability analysis** — Train models to predict debt distress risk
- **Fiscal policy simulation** — Evaluate consolidation vs. expansionary scenarios
- **Macroeconomic forecasting** — Model debt trajectory under different growth/inflation assumptions
- **Development finance research** — Study concessional vs. commercial borrowing tradeoffs
- **ML benchmarking** — Classification (sustainability rating), regression (debt ratios), scenario analysis
## Limitations
- **Synthetic data**: Not a substitute for official national accounts or IMF Article IV data
- **Cross-sectional stylization**: Each row is an independent draw, not a time series per country
- **No bilateral/multilateral creditor-level detail**: Concessional share is aggregate
- **No currency composition**: Exchange rate effects modeled implicitly through scenario shifts
- **No domestic debt detail**: Treasury bills, bonds, and central bank financing not disaggregated
## Citation
If you use this dataset, please cite:
```
@dataset{african_public_debt_management_2026,
title={African Public Debt Management Synthetic Dataset},
author={Electric Sheep Africa},
year={2026},
url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/african-public-debt-management},
license={CC-BY-4.0}
}
```
## License
CC BY 4.0 — You may share and adapt with attribution.
pretty_name: 非洲公共债务管理
license: CC BY 4.0
task_categories:
- 表格分类(tabular-classification)
- 表格回归(tabular-regression)
tags:
- 治理(governance)
- 公共债务(public-debt)
- 财政政策(fiscal-policy)
- 撒哈拉以南非洲(sub-saharan-africa)
- 合成数据集(synthetic)
- 中低收入国家(LMIC)
- 债务可持续性(debt-sustainability)
- 宏观经济学(macroeconomics)
- 发展经济学(development-economics)
- 债务管理(debt-management)
- 非洲(africa)
- 国际货币基金组织(IMF)
- 世界银行(World Bank)
size_categories: 10000 < 样本量 < 100000
configs:
- config_name: 基准情景(baseline)
data_files: data/baseline.csv
- config_name: 债务整合情景(debt_consolidation)
data_files: data/debt_consolidation.csv
- config_name: 债务困境情景(debt_distress)
data_files: data/debt_distress.csv
dataset_info:
description: 本数据集为12个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的公共债务管理指标合成数据集,涵盖3种政策情景,参数源自国际货币基金组织(IMF)、世界银行(World Bank)与非洲开发银行(AfDB)的官方报告。
features:
- name: 国家(country)
dtype: 字符串(string)
description: 国家名称
- name: 年份(year)
dtype: int16
description: 观测年份
- name: 情景(scenario)
dtype: 字符串(string)
description: 政策情景(基准情景、债务整合情景、债务困境情景)
- name: 政府债务占GDP百分比(debt_to_gdp_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 政府总债务占GDP的百分比
- name: 境外债务占比(external_debt_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 总债务中对境外债权人的负债占比(%)
- name: 境内债务占比(domestic_debt_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 总债务中境内债权人持有的占比(%)
- name: 偿债比率(debt_service_ratio_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 偿债支出占政府收入的百分比
- name: 优惠境外债务占比(concessional_debt_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 境外债务中享有优惠条款的占比(%)
- name: 平均剩余期限(average_maturity_years)
dtype: float32
description: 债务存量的加权平均剩余期限(年)
- name: 平均实际利率(average_interest_rate_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 债务存量的加权平均实际利率(%)
- name: 债务可持续性评级(debt_sustainability_rating)
dtype: int8
description: 综合债务可持续性评级(1=低风险,5=债务困境)
- name: 再融资风险评分(refinancing_risk_score)
dtype: float32
description: 再融资风险评分(0-100,分值越高风险越大)
- name: 基本财政余额占比(primary_balance_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 基本财政余额占GDP的百分比(正值代表财政盈余)
- name: 财政空间评分(fiscal_space_score)
dtype: float32
description: 财政空间评分(0-100,分值越高财政空间越大)
- name: 实际GDP增长率(gdp_growth_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 实际GDP增长率(%)
- name: 消费者物价通胀率(inflation_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 消费者物价通胀率(%)
- name: 进口覆盖月数外汇储备(reserves_months_imports)
dtype: float32
description: 以进口覆盖月数衡量的外汇储备
- name: 政府收入占GDP百分比(revenue_to_gdp_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 政府收入占GDP的百分比
- name: 政府支出占GDP百分比(expenditure_to_gdp_pct)
dtype: float32
description: 政府支出占GDP的百分比
# 非洲公共债务管理数据集
## 数据集概览
本数据集提供12个撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)国家在3种政策情景下的合成公共债务管理指标,涵盖基准情景、债务整合情景与债务困境情景,共计29988条记录,每条记录包含19个变量。
数据参数源自国际货币基金组织(IMF)、世界银行(World Bank)、非洲开发银行(AfDB)以及联合国贸易和发展会议(UNCTAD)发布的指标与典型事实,覆盖债务GDP占比、债务结构、偿债负担、优惠融资占比以及宏观经济基本面的真实分布。
## 国家列表
| 国家名称 | 所属区域 | 债务特征 |
|---------|--------|-------------|
| 尼日利亚(Nigeria) | 西非 | 债务GDP占比中等(约40%-55%),偿债收入占比高,依赖欧洲债券 |
| 肯尼亚(Kenya) | 东非 | 债务GDP占比偏高(约67%),存在再融资压力,债务投向以基础设施为主 |
| 加纳(Ghana) | 西非 | 债务重组后(约44%),实施国际货币基金组织项目,曾陷入债务困境(>80%) |
| 南非(South Africa) | 南部非洲 | 债务GDP占比高(约78%),债务以国内为主,存在国有企业风险 |
| 刚果(金)(DRC) | 中部非洲 | 债务GDP占比低(约24%),优惠融资占比高,符合国际开发协会(IDA)资助标准 |
| 埃塞俄比亚(Ethiopia) | 东非 | 债务GDP占比中低(约28%),正在二十国集团共同框架下进行债务重组 |
| 坦桑尼亚(Tanzania) | 东非 | 债务GDP占比中等(约46%),优惠融资占比高,财政纪律良好 |
| 卢旺达(Rwanda) | 东非 | 债务GDP占比快速上升(约85%),优惠融资占比高,支出计划雄心勃勃 |
| 莫桑比克(Mozambique) | 南部非洲 | 债务GDP占比极高(约97%),陷入债务困境,存在隐性债务遗留问题 |
| 赞比亚(Zambia) | 南部非洲 | 债务重组后(约70%),曾陷入债务困境 |
| 塞内加尔(Senegal) | 西非 | 债务GDP占比上升(约65%),依托油气转型推进基础设施投资 |
| 科特迪瓦(Côte d'Ivoire) | 西非 | 债务GDP占比中等(约56%),债务投向以基础设施为主,是首个发行欧洲债券的国际开发协会受援国 |
## 政策情景
### 基准情景
反映当前财政政策、债务结构与宏观经济条件的基准轨迹。债务GDP占比平均约58%,偿债支出占政府收入的25%-30%。观测时段为2018–2025年。
### 债务整合情景
利好政策路径:实施财政紧缩、延长债务期限、增加优惠融资借款、降低利率、实现更高增长。债务GDP占比下降约15%,偿债比率下降约25%。观测时段为2022–2030年。
### 债务困境情景
不利情景:债务规模上升、再融资困难、优惠融资渠道丧失、利率上升、增长乏力、通胀高企。债务GDP占比上升约25%,偿债比率上升约50%。观测时段为2020–2028年。
## 变量说明
### 核心债务指标
- **debt_to_gdp_pct**:政府总债务占GDP的百分比。国际开发协会受援国的世界银行/国际货币基金组织阈值为55%;多数撒哈拉以南非洲国家超出该阈值。
- **external_debt_pct**:公共总债务中对境外债权人(多边、双边、私人)的负债占比。撒哈拉以南非洲平均约占总债务存量的42%。
- **domestic_debt_pct**:国内债权人(银行、养老基金、中央银行)持有的债务占比。为external_debt_pct的互补项。
- **debt_service_ratio_pct**:总偿债支出(本金+利息)占政府收入的百分比。仅外债偿债的撒哈拉以南非洲中位数约为18.7%(联合国贸易和发展会议,2024);多国超出30%。
### 债务结构与条款
- **concessional_debt_pct**:境外债务中享有优惠条款(低于市场利率、长宽限期)的占比。符合国际开发协会资助标准的国家通常占比超过50%;具备市场融资能力的国家占比低于30%。
- **average_maturity_years**:债务存量的加权平均剩余期限。期限越短,展期风险越高。优惠贷款期限为15-30年;欧洲债券期限为5-10年。
- **average_interest_rate_pct**:债务存量的加权平均实际利率。优惠贷款利率为0.5%-2%;商业贷款为5%-10%;欧洲债券为6%-12%。
### 风险与可持续性
- **debt_sustainability_rating**:基于债务GDP占比、偿债比率、优惠融资占比与利率的综合评级,区间为1-5。1代表低风险,3代表中等风险,5代表债务困境。采用国际货币基金组织-世界银行债务可持续性框架(DSF)方法论。
- **refinancing_risk_score**:0-100分的再融资风险评分,衡量由债务期限结构、债务规模与优惠融资占比带来的展期风险。
- **fiscal_space_score**:0-100分的财政空间评分,基于基本财政余额、债务水平、收入动员能力与偿债负担,衡量逆周期支出空间。
### 财政与宏观经济指标
- **primary_balance_pct**:剔除利息支出后的财政余额(占GDP百分比)。负值代表财政赤字。
- **gdp_growth_pct**:实际GDP增长率。新冠疫情前撒哈拉以南非洲平均增速约为3.5%-4%,2020年后逐步复苏。
- **inflation_pct**:消费者物价通胀率。差异显著:西非经济与货币联盟(WAEMU)国家为3%-5%,埃塞俄比亚、加纳等国超过20%。
- **reserves_months_imports**:以进口覆盖月数衡量的外汇储备。低于3个月为脆弱性阈值。
- **revenue_to_gdp_pct**:政府收入占GDP的百分比。撒哈拉以南非洲平均约为16%,远低于经合组织(OECD)国家的34%左右,是关键约束因素。
- **expenditure_to_gdp_pct**:政府支出占GDP的百分比。
## 数据来源与参数设定
参数源自以下资料:
1. **国际货币基金组织(IMF)《撒哈拉以南非洲区域经济展望:2025年4月版》**:债务GDP占比中位数低于60%,债务稳定趋势
2. **世界银行《2025年国际债务报告》**:中低收入国家境外债务存量、偿债比率与债权人结构
3. **非洲开发银行(AfDB)《2024年非洲债务负担现状》**:债务可持续性评估、流动性指标
4. **联合国贸易和发展会议(UNCTAD)境外债务可持续性数据**:撒哈拉以南非洲偿债支出占政府收入的18.7%(为2014年水平的3倍)
5. **ONE Data《非洲债务报告》(2025年2月)**:21个低收入非洲国家陷入或面临债务困境风险
6. **《2024年债务监测报告》**:撒哈拉以南非洲国家将55%的政府收入用于偿债支出
嵌入参数的关键典型事实:
- 2024年撒哈拉以南非洲整体债务GDP占比约为61%,国家间差异显著(刚果(金)为24%,莫桑比克为97%)
- 全区域偿债支出占政府收入的15%-55%
- 自2000年以来,商业债务占总债务的比例从20%升至43%(非洲开发银行)
- 25个以上的非洲国家债务过高或面临高风险(非洲开发银行)
- 随着国家进入资本市场,优惠融资占比持续下降
## 数据集用途
- **债务可持续性分析**:训练模型预测债务困境风险
- **财政政策模拟**:评估债务整合与扩张性政策情景的效果
- **宏观经济预测**:基于不同增长与通胀假设模拟债务轨迹
- **发展金融研究**:研究优惠融资与商业融资的权衡关系
- **机器学习基准测试**:支持分类任务(债务可持续性评级)、回归任务(债务比率)与情景分析
## 数据集局限性
- **合成数据属性**:无法替代官方国民账户或国际货币基金组织第四条款磋商数据
- **截面典型性设定**:每条记录为独立抽样,未体现单个国家的时间序列特征
- **未披露双边/多边债权人细节**:优惠融资占比为整体口径
- **未考虑货币结构**:汇率效应通过情景变动隐含建模
- **未细分国内债务结构**:未区分国库券、债券与中央银行融资等类别
## 引用方式
若使用本数据集,请引用以下文献:
@dataset{african_public_debt_management_2026,
title={非洲公共债务管理合成数据集},
author={Electric Sheep Africa},
year={2026},
url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/african-public-debt-management},
license={CC-BY-4.0}
}
## 授权协议
CC BY 4.0 — 您可自由分享与改编本数据集,但需注明原作者。
提供机构:
electricsheepafrica



