Example focus group questions.

ObjectiveTo examine the influence of environmental factors (EFs) and personal factors (PFs) on community participation among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and identify areas for improvement.MethodsA mixed methods explanatory sequential design was used. A secondary data analysis of patient-reported outcomes and Global Positioning System (GPS) data was completed using multiple linear regression analysis to examine associations between five EFs, five PFs, and six community participation outcomes in 100 PwMS. Four focus groups were completed with 12 PwMS who use mobility aids and 12 who do not to understand how EFs affected community participation experiences. Thematic analysis was used.ResultsRegression results showed significant associations between PFs and five community participation outcomes (R2 = 13% − 48%, p ConclusionCommunity participation among PwMS is influenced by both PFs and EFs. Statistically, EFs uniquely affected participation satisfaction and activity space, while qualitative findings revealed major barriers and highlighted needs for improvement in physical, social, and attitudinal environments.