Fluoride Concentration in Antarctic Marine Crustaceans

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 587See the link below for public details on this project.From the abstracts of some of the referenced papers:The concentration of fluoride in the body parts of a range of Antarctic crustaceans from a variety of habits was examined with the aim of determining whether fluoride concentration is related to lifestyle or phylogenetic grouping. Euphausiids had the highest overall fluoride concentrations of a range of Antarctic marine crustaceans examined; levels of up to 5477 micro grams per gram were found in the exoskeleton of Euphausia crystallorophias. Copepods had the lowest fluoride levels (0.87 micrograms per gram) whole-body); some amphipods and mysids also exhibited relatively high fluoride levels. There was no apparent relationship between the lifestyle of the crustaceans and their fluoride level; benthic and pelagic species exhibited both high and low fluoride levels. Fluoride was concentrated in the exoskeleton, but not evenly distributed through it; the exoskeleton of the head carapace and abdomen contained the highest concentrations of fluoride, followed by the feeding basket and pleopods, and the eyes. The mouthparts of E. superba contained almost 13,000 microgams F per gram dry weight. Antarctic krill tail muscle had low levels of fluoride. After long-term (1 to 5 year) storage in formalin, fluoride was almost completely lost from whole euphausiids.A series of experiments was carried out to determine the relationship between feeding, moulting, and fluoride content in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Starvation increased the intermoult period in krill, but had no effect on the fluoride concentrations of the moults produced. Addition of excess fluoride to the sea water had no direct effect on the intermoult period, the moult weight, or moult size. Additions of 6 micrograms per litre and 10 micrograms per litre fluoride raised the fluoride concentrations of the molts produced and of the whole animals. The whole body fluoride content varied cyclically during the moult cycle, reaching a peak 6 days following ecdysis. Fluoride loss at ecydsis could largely be explained by the amount of this ion shed in the moult.This work was completed as part of ASAC projects 41 and 587 (ASAC_41, ASAC_587).

本元数据记录源自南极科学咨询委员会（Antarctic Science Advisory Committee，ASAC）项目587，有关该项目的公开详情可参见下述链接。
以下为部分引用论文的摘要内容：
本研究对多种生境下的多类南极甲壳动物体内各部位的氟化物浓度展开检测，旨在探究氟化物浓度是否与生物生活方式或系统发育类群存在关联。
在所检测的南极海洋甲壳动物中，磷虾类（Euphausiids）的整体氟化物浓度最高；其中冰磷虾（Euphausia crystallorophias）的外骨骼（exoskeleton）氟化物浓度可达每克5477微克。桡足类（Copepods）的氟化物浓度最低，仅为0.87微克/克（全身体样本）；部分端足类（amphipods）与糠虾类（mysids）同样表现出较高的氟化物水平。
研究未发现甲壳动物的生活方式与氟化物浓度存在明显关联：底栖（benthic）与浮游（pelagic）物种均呈现出高低不一的氟化物浓度。
氟化物主要富集于外骨骼，但分布并不均匀：头胸甲（head carapace）与腹部（abdomen）外骨骼的氟化物浓度最高，其次为滤食篮（feeding basket）、腹肢（pleopods）与眼部。南极磷虾（Euphausia superba）的口器（mouthparts）干重氟化物浓度接近13000微克/克；南极磷虾的尾肌（tail muscle）氟化物浓度较低。
经福尔马林（formalin）长期（1至5年）保存后，整只磷虾体内的氟化物几乎完全流失。
本研究开展了一系列实验，以明确南极磷虾（Euphausia superba）的摄食、蜕皮与氟化物含量之间的关联。
饥饿会延长磷虾的蜕皮间期（intermoult period），但对其所蜕皮壳的氟化物浓度无显著影响。向海水中添加过量氟化物，对蜕皮间期、蜕皮重量或蜕皮尺寸均无直接影响。当海水中氟化物浓度分别提升至6微克/升与10微克/升时，新蜕皮的壳与整只磷虾体内的氟化物浓度均出现上升。
整只磷虾的氟化物含量在蜕皮周期中呈周期性变化，蜕皮（ecdysis）后第6天达到峰值。蜕皮过程中的氟化物流失量，在很大程度上可通过蜕皮过程中流失的该离子总量来解释。
本研究作为ASAC项目41与587（ASAC_41、ASAC_587）的一部分完成。