INJURIES IN PROFESSIONAL DANCERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

ABSTRACT Movement is a fundamental element of dance, and the dancer’s body is the raw material through which the art of dance is expressed; for this, it demands the utmost discipline in the pursuit of technical and artistic excellence. To meet the professional demands, dancers are subjected to strenuous training routines, which can lead to the development of injuries in this environment. The objective was to examine the etiology, main affected segments, prevalence, and instruments used to evaluate the lesions in studies with professional dancers and/or in comparison with similar populations. We selected articles published in the last decade in the databases BIREME, LILACS, MEDLINE EBSCO, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS (Elsevier), and PubMed, with cross-sectional, observational cohort and case control design published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. Systematic reviews, case studies, dissertations, theses, book chapters, cross-referenced articles, and studies published outside of the last decade were not included. The search used combinations of the terms “dancing* and athletic injuries* and musculoskeletal* and pain*”. A principal investigator and two reviewers conducted the survey and analyzed all the potentially relevant articles, initially by the abstract and title. Twelve articles were included, with 1,149 participants (965 professional dancers of classical ballet, modern dance, contemporary dance, and breakdance, 104 amateur dancers, and 80 elite athletes). Nine studies found simultaneous lesions with emphasis on the foot and ankle (n=4), upper and lower limbs lesions (n=4) and lower and upper limb joints (n=1). Other studies have found lesions in the anterior cruciate ligament (n=3). There was no agreement regarding the instruments for detecting lesions in professional, pre-professional, and amateur dancers. There was a prevalence of studies aimed at classical ballet modality, evidencing a higher frequency of lower limb involvement in professional dancers.【摘要】 动作是舞蹈的核心构成要素，舞者的身体是舞蹈艺术表达的载体与创作素材，因此舞者需秉持极致的自律，以追求技术与艺术层面的卓越表现。为满足职业表演与竞技的严苛要求，舞者需承受高强度的训练负荷，这一训练环境极易引发运动损伤。本研究旨在针对职业舞者相关研究，或涉及与同类人群对照的相关研究，系统分析其运动损伤的病因学特征、主要受累部位、损伤患病率，以及所采用的损伤评估工具。我们选取了近十年内发表于BIREME、LILACS、MEDLINE EBSCO、Web of Science、SCOPUS（Elsevier旗下）及PubMed数据库的文献，纳入标准为采用横断面研究、观察性队列研究及病例对照研究设计，且以葡萄牙语、英语或西班牙语发表的研究。本研究排除系统综述、个案研究、学位论文、书籍章节、交叉引用文献，以及发表时间超出近十年范围的研究。检索策略采用组合式关键词："dancing*（舞蹈相关）、athletic injuries*（运动损伤相关）、musculoskeletal*（肌肉骨骼相关）及pain*（疼痛相关）"。由1名主要研究者与2名评审员开展文献检索，并首先通过摘要与标题筛选所有潜在相关文献。最终纳入12篇文献，共涉及1149名研究对象：其中965名为职业舞者，涵盖古典芭蕾、现代舞、当代舞及霹雳舞舞者，104名为业余舞者，另有80名精英运动员。9项研究报告了多部位同时受累的损伤，其中以足踝受累为主的研究共4项，累及上下肢的研究共4项，累及上下肢关节的研究共1项。另有3项研究报告了前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament）损伤。针对职业、准职业及业余舞者的损伤检测工具，现有研究尚未形成统一标准。现有研究多聚焦于古典芭蕾舞蹈类型，结果显示职业舞者下肢受累的发生率更高。