Supplementary Material for: GPS-Derived Daily Mobility and Daily Well-Being in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Introduction: Mobility as a multidimensional concept has rarely been examined as a day-to-day varying phenomenon in its within-person association with older adults’ daily well-being. This study examined associations between daily mobility and daily well-being in community-dwelling older adults with a set of GPS-derived mobility indicators that were representative of older adults’ daily mobility. Methods: Participants wore a custom-built mobile GPS sensor (“uTrail”) and completed smartphone-based experience sampling questionnaires on momentary affective states (7 times per day) and daily life satisfaction (in the evening). Analyses included data across 947 days from 109 Swiss older adults aged 65–89 years. Results: Multilevel modeling showed that, within persons, a day with a larger life space area, more time spent in passive transport modes, and a higher number of different locations was associated with higher daily life satisfaction but not daily positive or negative affect. Follow-up analysis showed that the daily maximum distance from home was positively associated with daily life satisfaction, providing a first indication that exposure to non-habitual environments might be a possible underlying mechanism to explain the effects of mobility. Conclusions: Traveling a long distance away from home and visiting diverse locations may be a way to improve life satisfaction. Results are discussed in the context of research on healthy aging.引言：流动性作为多维度概念，极少被作为一种逐日变化的现象，来探讨其与老年群体日常幸福感的个体内关联。本研究针对社区居住的老年人，采用一组能够反映老年群体日常流动性特征的GPS衍生流动性指标，探讨了日常流动性与日常幸福感之间的关联。 方法：受试者佩戴定制开发的移动GPS传感器（"uTrail"），并完成基于智能手机的体验抽样问卷：每日7次采集瞬时情绪状态数据，并在每日晚间采集日常生活满意度数据。本次分析共纳入109名年龄在65至89岁之间的瑞士老年人的共计947天的监测数据。 结果：多层线性模型分析显示，在个体内部层面，当日生活空间面积更大、被动出行时长更长、到访不同地点数量更多的受试者，其日常生活满意度更高，但该关联未见于日常积极或消极情绪。后续分析显示，每日离家最大距离与日常生活满意度呈正相关，这首次表明，接触非习惯性环境可能是解释流动性效应的潜在机制之一。 结论：离家远行并到访多样地点或可提升生活满意度。本研究结果结合健康老龄化相关研究展开讨论。