Control of parental investment changes plastically over time with residual reproductive value

Evolutionary conflict between parents and offspring over parental resource investment is a significant selective force on the traits of both parents and offspring. Empirical studies have shown that for some species, the amount of parental investment is controlled by the parents, whereas in other species, it is controlled by the offspring. The main difference between these two strategies is the residual reproductive value of the parents or opportunities for future reproduction. Therefore, this could explain the patterns of control of parental investment at the species level. However, the residual reproductive value of the parents will change during their lifetime; therefore, parental influence on the amount of investment can be expected to change plastically. Here, we investigated control of parental investment when parents were young and had a high residual reproductive value, compared to when they were old and had a low residual reproductive value using a cross-fostering experiment in ...亲代与子代间围绕亲代资源投入的进化冲突（evolutionary conflict），是作用于亲代和子代性状的关键选择压力。现有实证研究表明，部分物种的亲代投入总量由亲代自身调控，而另一些物种则由子代主导该投入的规模。这两种策略的核心差异，在于亲代的残留繁殖值（residual reproductive value）或未来繁殖机会的不同，据此可在物种层面阐释亲代投入控制权的分布模式。然而，亲代的残留繁殖值会随其生命周期动态变化，因此亲代对投入总量的调控能力理应呈现可塑性改变。本研究借助交叉抚育实验（cross-fostering experiment），对比了亲代处于年轻且残留繁殖值较高、与年老且残留繁殖值较低两种情境下的亲代投入控制权情况，实验开展于……