Vertical profiles of environmental parameters measured from physical, optical and imaging sensors during station TARA_209 of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present data set includes properties of seawater, particulate matter and dissolved matter from physical, optical and imaging sensors mounted on a vertical sampling system (Rosette) used during the 2009-2013 tara Oceans Expedition. It comprised 2 pairs of conductivity and temperature sensors (SEABIRD components), and a complete set of WEtLabs optical sensors, including chrorophyll and CDOM fluorometers, a 25 cm transmissiometer, and a one-wavelength backscatter meter. In addition, a SATLANTIC ISUS nitrate sensor and a Hydroptic Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) were mounted on the rosette. In the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Seas (2013), a second oxygen sensor (SBE43) and a four frequency Aquascat acoustic profiler were added. The system was powered on specific Li-Ion batteries and data were self-recorded at 24HZ. Sensors have all been factory calibrated before, during and after the four year program. Oxygen was validated using climatologies (WOA09). Nitrate and Fluorescence data were adjusted with discrete measurements from Niskin bottles mounted on the Rosette, and optical darks were performed monthly on board. A total of 839 quality checked vertical profiles were made during the tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013.塔拉海洋科考航次（Tara Oceans Expedition）于2009至2013年间，依托一艘长36米的纵帆船对全球海洋开展采样工作，收集了从病毒到浮游后生动物的各类生物样本与环境数据，以供后续借助现代测序技术与顶尖成像技术开展分析研究。该数据集尤其适用于探究浮游生物的遗传、形态与功能多样性。本数据集涵盖2009-2013年塔拉海洋科考航次中，搭载于罗塞特垂直采样系统（Rosette）的物理、光学及成像传感器所采集的海水、颗粒物与溶解物相关参数。该采样系统搭载了2组电导率-温度传感器（SEABIRD组件），以及一套完整的WetLabs光学传感器，包括叶绿素与有色溶解有机物（CDOM）荧光计、25厘米透射仪与单波长后向散射仪；此外还加装了SATLANTIC ISUS硝酸盐传感器与Hydroptic水下视觉剖面仪（UVP）。2013年在北冰洋与北极海域执行任务期间，科考团队额外加装了第二台SBE43氧气传感器与一台四频Aquascat声学剖面仪。该系统采用专用锂离子电池供电，数据以24赫兹的频率自主记录。所有传感器均在该四年科考项目的前、中、后期完成了工厂校准。氧气浓度数据通过世界海洋图集2009（WOA09）的气候学数据集完成有效性验证；硝酸盐与荧光数据则通过搭载于罗塞特采水系统的尼斯金采水瓶（Niskin bottles）获取的离散测量值进行校正，同时每月在科考船上开展光学暗校准工作。整个2009-2013年的塔拉海洋科考航次中共完成了839份经过质量核查的垂直剖面数据。