Whole genome sequencing of gemcitabine evolved E. coli strains

In order to discover evolutionary adaptations E. coli gain to become resistant to gemcitabine, a lab evolution experiment was performed. Three E. coli strains; BW25113, Nissle 1917 and F-18 were evolved in the presence of sub-inhibitory dose of gemcitabine in M9 minimal media as triplicates for ~150 generations. One population was also evolved for each strain with no gemcitabine. Gemcitabine resistance emerged in all drug evolved populations. Whole genome sequencing was performed from last day populations and single colonies to identify mutations related to gemcitabine resistance.