Railway network of Galicia and Austrian Silesia 1847 - 1914

The dataset presents the historical railway network of Galicia and Austrian Silesia – two regions of the Habsburg Empire, covering more than 80 000 km2, currently divided among Czechia, Poland and Ukraine. The network covers the times of railway appearance and the most dynamic development of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, up to 1914 – the outbreak of the First World War. The data can be characterized by unprecedented positional accuracy, as they were reconstructed based on the current railway network, which resulted in almost no shifts in space. Most of the lines were reconstructed based on OpenStreetMap data, and the lines, which were closed-down between 1914 and 2019, and are no longer available in spatial datasets, were reconstructed based on high-resolution satellite imageries and historical maps. Altogether, the network covers more than 5000 km on 127 lines. The data are accompanied by a set of attributes, i.e. year of construction, length, starting and final point, type (normal, narrow-gauge, etc.). It can be used in many different applications including historical accessibility mapping, migrations, economic development, the impact of past human activities on current environmental and socio-economic processes, like land use change drivers, landscape fragmentation, invasion of new species and many more. Data are available for download in the shp format. Please note: Our work was focused on publicly accessible railway lines open for regular passenger traffic and hence did not contain the sidings constructed locally, e.g. to serve industrial sites or narrow gauge forest lines. Acknowledgments This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Republic of Poland under the frame of “National Programme for the Development of Humanities” 2015–2020, as a part of the GASID project (Galicia and Austrian Silesia Interactive Database 1857–1910, 1aH 15 0324 83).本数据集涵盖哈布斯堡帝国（Habsburg Empire）下辖的加利西亚（Galicia）与奥地利西里西亚（Austrian Silesia）两地的历史铁路网，该区域总面积逾8万平方千米，如今分属捷克、波兰与乌克兰三国。该铁路网的时间跨度覆盖铁路诞生及19世纪至20世纪初的快速发展阶段，直至1914年第一次世界大战爆发。本数据集具备空前的空间定位精度，其重建工作以当前存续的铁路网为基准，因此几乎无空间偏移。绝大多数线路依托开放街道地图（OpenStreetMap）数据完成重建；1914年至2019年间停运、现有空间数据集已无收录的线路，则通过高分辨率卫星影像与历史地图完成重建。该铁路网总计包含127条线路，总里程逾5000千米。数据集同步附带多组属性字段，涵盖建设年份、线路长度、起止站点以及线路类型（准轨、窄轨等）。本数据集可应用于多类研究场景，包括历史可达性制图、人口迁移、经济发展研究，以及过往人类活动对当前环境与社会经济过程的影响分析——例如土地利用变化驱动因子、景观破碎化、外来物种入侵等诸多方向。数据集可通过SHP格式下载获取。请注意：本研究仅聚焦于面向常规客运的公开运营铁路线路，因此未纳入为工业场地或窄轨林业线路等本地服务修建的专用支线。致谢 本研究由波兰共和国科学与高等教育部依托2015-2020年《国家人文发展计划》资助，作为GASID项目（加利西亚与奥地利西里西亚交互式数据库1857–1910，项目编号1aH 15 0324 83）的一部分完成。