Raw data for: Biomechanical demands of percussive techniques in the context of early stone toolmaking

Recent discoveries in archaeology and palaeoanthropology highlight that stone stool knapping could have emerged first within the genera Australopithecus or Kenyanthropus rather than Homo. To explore the implications of this hypothesis  determining the physical demands and motor control needed for performing the percussive movements during the oldest stone toolmaking technology (i.e. Lomekwian) would help. We analysed the joint-angle patterns and muscle activity of a knapping expert using three stone tool replication techniques: unipolar flaking on passive hammer (PH), bipolar flaking on anvil (BP), multidirectional and multifacial flaking with free hand (FH). PH presents high levels of activity for Biceps brachii and the wrist extensors and flexors. By contrast, BP and FH are characterised by high solicitation of forearm pronation. The synergy analyses depict a high muscular and kinematic coordination. Whereas the muscle pattern is very close between the techniques, kinematic pattern is...考古学与古人类学领域的新近研究发现表明，石器打制（stone stool knapping）可能最早起源于南方古猿属（Australopithecus）或肯尼亚猿属（Kenyanthropus），而非人属（Homo）。为探究该假说的研究内涵，明确最古老石器制作技术（即洛迈奎文化（Lomekwian））中敲击动作所需的体力负荷与运动控制机制，将具有重要参考意义。本研究对一名石器打制专家开展实验，分析其在三种石器复制打制技术下的关节角度模式与肌肉活动特征：单极硬锤打片（unipolar flaking on passive hammer，PH）、双极砧座打片（bipolar flaking on anvil，BP）以及徒手多向多面打片（multidirectional and multifacial flaking with free hand，FH）。单极硬锤打片技术下，肱二头肌（Biceps brachii）以及腕部伸肌、屈肌的激活水平较高。相较而言，双极砧座打片与徒手多向多面打片技术则显著激活前臂旋前相关肌群。协同性分析结果显示，三种技术均表现出较高的肌肉与运动学协同水平。尽管三种技术的肌肉激活模式高度相似，但其运动学模式却……