Data for "Prospective memory training in young adults enhances trained-task but not transfer-task performance".

In the study associated with these data (doi: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1613435), one group of adult participants was subjected to an 8-day prospective memory (PM) training program using Virtual Week. Each participant completed three virtual days on each of the eight training days (24 virtual days in total). A control group performed a control activity at the times that the participants from the training group were involved in the training task. Before and after the training or control program, all participants completed a nearest-transfer task that was similar to the trained PM task, near-transfer tasks consisting of non-trained event- and time-based PM tasks, and far-transfer tasks consisting of tasks measuring a variety of executive functions and two general, non-verbal intelligence tests. According to the compensation account of the effects of cognitive training in general, the hypothesis was that the training in the adults would reveal less evidence of beneficial transfer effects compared to the results found in a previous study with young adolescents (doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.014). According to the magnification account, the trained adults would display similar or enhanced transfer grains as/than the adolescent participants from the previous study. The data were mainly acquired with tasks programmed in eprime. The data in the SPSS file are pre-processed data: the score for each participant on each of the main outcome variable from the diverse tasks. The meaning of each of the columns in the data file is described below. These data were used in the repeated measures analyses of variance reported in the paper. Raw (eprime) data are available upon request. Meaning of columns in SPSS data file: Pp_numb: participant number; Gender: 1 = male; 2 = female; Age: age of the participant at the time of first testing; Group: 1 = control; 2 = training: acc: percentage or proportion correct responses; rep: number of trials required to reach criterion accuracy; diffscore: hits - false alarms; interfscore: RT difference between incongruent and congruent trials; sc: switch cost; pre: pre-training assessment; post: post-training assessment; f3: 3-month follow-up assessment; f6: 6-month follow-up assessment; Tr1−Tr24: virtual day 1−24 of the training task; VW: virtual week transfer task; EBPM_focal_1: (focal) event-based PM task based on Bisiacchi et al. (2009); EBPM_focal_2: focal trials of the event-based PM task based on Zuber et al. (2016); EBPM_non_focal_2: non-focal trials of the EBPM task based on Zuber et al. (2016); TBPM: time-based PM task; WM_2_back: 2-back working memory task block of the pre-training EBPM(non)-focal_2 task; RWM: running working memory task; easy: easy task; diff: difficult task; GNG: go/no-go task; Flanker: flanker task; Stroop: Stroop task; Switch: switching task; RSPM: Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices test; RASP: Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices test本数据集关联的研究（DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1613435）中，一组成年被试接受了为期8天的前瞻记忆（Prospective Memory, PM）训练方案，训练依托虚拟周（Virtual Week）平台开展。每名被试在每日训练中完成3个虚拟日任务，总累计虚拟任务时长对应24个虚拟日。对照组被试则在训练组参与训练任务的对应时段完成对照活动。 在训练或对照方案实施前后，所有被试均完成三类任务：与训练型前瞻记忆任务高度相似的最邻近迁移任务、包含未训练的事件型与时间型前瞻记忆任务的近迁移任务，以及涵盖多种执行功能（executive functions）与两项通用非言语智力测验的远迁移任务。 基于一般性认知训练效应的补偿假说，本研究提出假设：与此前一项针对青少年群体的研究（DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.014）结果相比，成年被试的训练将表现出更少的有益迁移效应证据。而根据放大假说，接受训练的成年被试将展现出与前述青少年被试相似甚至更优的迁移增益效果。 本数据集主要通过Eprime编程的任务采集所得。SPSS格式文件中的数据为预处理后的数据：包含每名被试在各项任务的主要因变量上的得分。数据文件各列的含义如下。本数据集已用于论文中报告的重复测量方差分析，原始Eprime数据可按需索取。 SPSS数据文件各列含义： Pp_numb：被试编号； Gender：性别，1=男性，2=女性； Age：首次测试时被试的年龄； Group：组别，1=对照组，2=训练组； acc：正确反应的百分比或比例； rep：达到标准正确率所需的试次数量； diffscore：击中数 - 虚报数； interfscore：不一致试次与一致试次的反应时差值； sc：转换代价（switch cost）； pre：训练前测评； post：训练后测评； f3：3个月追踪测评； f6：6个月追踪测评； Tr1−Tr24：训练任务的虚拟日1至24； VW：虚拟周近迁移任务； EBPM_focal_1：基于Bisiacchi等人（2009）的焦点式事件型前瞻记忆（event-based PM, EBPM）任务； EBPM_focal_2：基于Zuber等人（2016）的事件型前瞻记忆任务的焦点试次； EBPM_non_focal_2：基于Zuber等人（2016）的事件型前瞻记忆任务的非焦点试次； TBPM：时间型前瞻记忆（time-based PM, TBPM）任务； WM_2_back：训练前测评的2-back工作记忆（working memory, WM）任务区块，对应非焦点式EBPM任务； RWM：动态工作记忆任务； easy：简易任务； diff：困难任务； GNG：Go/No-Go任务； Flanker：侧翼任务（Flanker task）； Stroop：斯特鲁普任务（Stroop task）； Switch：转换任务； RSPM：瑞文标准推理测验（Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices test）； RASP：瑞文高级推理测验（Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices test）