Data from: Explaining European fungal fruiting phenology with climate variability

Here we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters. We used a path‐analysis to investigate how biogeographic patterns in fungal fruiting phenology coincided with seasonal changes in climate and primary production. Across central to northern Europe, mean fruiting varied by approximately 25 days, primarily with latitude. Altitude affected fruiting by up to 30 days, with spring delays and autumnal accelerations. Fruiting was as much explained by the effects of bioclimatic variability as by their large‐scale spatial patterns. Temperature drove fruiting of autumnal ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic, as well as spring saprotrophic groups, while primary production and precipitation were major drivers for spring‐fruiting ectomycorrhizal fungi. Species‐specific phenology predictors were not stable, instead deviating from the overall mean. There is significant likelihood that further climatic change, especially in temperature, will impact fungal phenology patterns at large spatial scales. The ecological implications are diverse, potentially affecting food webs (asynchrony), nutrient cycling and the timing of nutrient availability in ecosystems.本研究评估了欧洲全域范围内，与地理要素（纬度、经度与海拔）相关的生物气候变异性（bioclimatic variability）——即温度、降水与初级生产力的波动——对真菌子实体物候的影响。本研究将两大主要真菌营养功能群——腐生真菌（saprotrophic fungi）与外生菌根真菌（ectomycorrhizal fungi）——进一步划分为春季结实类群与秋季结实类群。本研究采用路径分析（path-analysis）方法，探究真菌子实体物候的生物地理格局与气候及初级生产力的季节变化之间的契合关系。在欧洲中部至北部区域，平均结实期差异可达约25天，且主要受纬度调控。海拔对结实期的影响可达30天，具体表现为春季结实期推迟、秋季结实期提前。结实期的变异既可通过生物气候变异性的效应得到解释，也可通过其大尺度空间格局得到解释，二者的解释力相当。温度是秋季外生菌根真菌、腐生真菌以及春季腐生真菌结实过程的主导驱动因子；而初级生产力与降水则是春季结实外生菌根真菌的主要驱动因素。物种特异性物候预测因子并不稳定，其表现与整体平均水平存在偏差。未来气候变化（尤其是温度变化）极有可能在大空间尺度上改变真菌物候格局。其生态影响涉及多个方面，可能通过物候异步性影响食物网、养分循环以及生态系统中养分可利用的时间节点。