Isotopes in Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (iPILPS) - Mid-latitude grass & woodland - Munich (Neuherberg), Germany

Isotopes are one of the most useful and innovative tools for understanding complex processes in the water cycle, paleoclimate and biogeochemistry on many timescales. iPILPS is a new type of PILPS experiment in which the process of international intercomparison will educate the land-surface scheme (LSS) parameterization community while new aspects of LSS are being developed. A land-surface scheme (LSS) is an algorithm for determining the exchanges of energy, mass and momentum between the atmosphere and continents. iPILPS is a component of the current initiative to add isotopic (stable and radioactive) representation to atmospheric and land-surface models. The forcing data includes magnitudes of each isotope (1H2 18O and 1H2H16O) in precipitation and in water vapour at the atmospheric lowest level plus all the standard Assistance for Land-surface Modelling Activities (ALMA) meteorological forcing including 'regular' water (1H216O). Phase 1 included a mid-latitude grass & woodland area, at Munich (Neuherberg), Germany (48N 11E). Forcing was provided at this location for four years. The experimental design directed each ILSS to use the first year's forcing repeatedly for as many years as that ILSS required to achieve equilibrium (this experimental component was designated EQY1), and then use the next three years' forcing to create three years' simulations (this 'Basin Comparison' was designated BC24).

同位素是众多时间尺度下解析水循环、古气候及生物地球化学领域复杂过程的最实用且极具创新性的工具之一。iPILPS是一类新型PILPS试验，其国际比对流程可在开发陆面方案新方向的同时，为陆面方案（Land-surface Scheme, LSS）参数化研究社群开展学术培训。陆面方案（LSS）是一类用于量化大气与陆地之间能量、物质与动量交换过程的算法。iPILPS是当前一项倡议的组成部分，该倡议旨在为大气及陆面模型加入同位素（稳定同位素与放射性同位素）表征模块。强迫数据集涵盖降水及大气低层水汽中各同位素（1H2 18O与1H2H16O）的浓度数据，同时包含全套标准陆面模拟活动援助计划（Assistance for Land-surface Modelling Activities, ALMA）气象强迫场，其中涵盖“常规”水（1H216O）。第一阶段试验选取德国慕尼黑（诺伊赫尔贝格）的中纬度草地与林地站点（坐标48°N，11°E）。该站点的气象强迫数据时长为四年。本试验设计要求各陆面方案（LSS）重复使用第一年的强迫数据，直至该方案达到平衡态所需的年限（该试验环节被命名为EQY1）；随后使用后续三年的强迫数据开展三年时长的模拟试验（该“流域比较”环节被命名为BC24）。