Warm or dry springs (still) boost the reproduction of most temperate songbirds

Nonlinearities are ubiquitous features of ecosystem dynamics in climate change ecology. The changing climate is expected to reveal hump-shaped patterns in ecosystem responses, delineating weather optima and constraints. In temperate mid-latitudes, both cold and warm spring constraints are reported to limit songbird breeding productivity. However, with many studies focusing on specifically declining functional groups, such as long-distance migrants, our understanding of the overall influence of increasingly warmer and drier conditions on songbird productivity remains limited. Here, we modelled changes in songbird productivity in relation to temperature and water balance anomalies during the breeding season, aiming to identify key weather constraints—whether life-history dependent or shared across species—in a warming temperate world. Using standardised capture data of 300,031 birds across 68 species, we quantified changes in songbird productivity along gradients of spring weather anomali..., , , # Data from: Warm or dry springs (still) boost the reproduction of most temperate songbirds

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vq83bk43t](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vq83bk43t)

## Description of the data and file structure

The dataset includes songbird productivity and environmental variables used in the study. It is structured into four files:

* df_mod_final_select.csv
* THV_all_sp.csv
* pop_growth_rates_2001-2022.csv
* 20250428_43species.nex

### Files and variables

#### File: df_mod_final_select.csv

**Description:** Main dataset used in the study, combining: (1) Songbird productivity data from the French Constant Effort Site (CES) ringing program (1991–2022), provided by the Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO); (2) Environmental, demographic, and weather variables used in Multi-Species Models.

##### Variables

* ID_PROG: IDs of the 365 French CES sites
* YEAR: Year of capture session (1991–2022)
* ESPECE: Three-letter species code
* Nom_sc: Sci...,