Twistor-Expander Gravity: Emergent Speed of Light and Comparison with Alternative Approaches

We present a complete derivation of fundamental constants from the twistor-expander network microstructure of space-time in EBIKK-β gravity. The model predicts: (1) discrete gravitational wave spectra at fn ≈ n×10−4 Hz from black hole remnants, (2) emergence of the speed of light c = (γκ−1/Tent)1/2 with γ as the graph spectral gap, and (3) modifieddispersion relations testable with LISA and CMB-S4. Comparative analysis with loop quantum gravity, causal sets, and analogue gravity models reveals unique signatures of the twistor-expander mechanism.