Fine-resolution frost climatology maps for south-central Brazil, 2000–2026

This dataset provides four spatially explicit frost-climatology products and one terrain-derived layer for Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The products characterize mean annual frost-occurrence probability, mean expected frost days per season, mean seasonal minimum temperature and the 25th percentile of annual seasonal minimum temperature predictions during a fixed frost season from 15 May to 15 August. The models integrate observations from 183 INMET meteorological stations with ERA5-Land atmospheric variables, MODIS Terra/Aqua land-surface variables, ANADEM terrain attributes and height above the nearest drainage (HAND). Geographic transfer was evaluated by withholding complete meteorological stations during grouped spatial cross-validation. Predictions were transferred to a common approximately 30 m ANADEM/HAND grid without spatial smoothing. The dataset contains five GeoTIFF files: mean frost-occurrence probability, mean expected frost days, mean seasonal minimum temperature, the P25 seasonal minimum temperature and HAND calculated using a 2,000 m flow-path search distance. The products describe climatological frost hazard and are not short-term forecasts, direct meteorological measurements at 30 m resolution or predictions of plantation damage.