Inflammatory cytokines and Glomerulonephritis

A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using genetic variants associated with all-cause glomerulonephritis from the FinnGen R10 dataset (3,243 cases and 408,938 controls) and inflammatory cytokine data derived from a GWAS summary of 14,824 healthy participants. The primary method for assessing causal relationships between exposures and outcomes was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. To increase the robustness of the results, multiple sensitivity analyses including weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR-Egger were performed. This analysis suggests that elevated levels of several inflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin-7, Oncostatin M, C-X-C motif chemokines 1 and 11, and Natural killer cell receptor 2B4, may increase the risk of Glomerulonephritis, whereas higher levels of Interleukin-18 receptor 1 may decrease the risk.