Pancreatic Islet Oscillation Rhythmicity Arises from δ and α Cell Interactions

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1. We developed a microfluidic chip enabling high-throughput observation of islets Ca2+ activities and their 3D composition. Our findings demonstrated that δ-α cell-to-cell interactions are the primary source of variability in glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillation patterns.
2. Through experimental investigations, we identified a phase diagram in the oscillation modes, covering the transition from fast-to-mixed and mixed-to-slow oscillations, with increasing somatostatin or decreasing α cell mass.
3. We proposed a mathematical model focusing on the paracrine interactions between α and δ cells. Our model depicts that fast-mixed-slow oscillation transitions as a Hopf bifurcation.
4. Finally, we found that in vivo hypoglycemia/euglycemia induces fast Ca2+ oscillations, while hyperglycemia induces slow Ca2+ oscillations.