Data from: Global decline of bumblebees is phylogenetically structured and inversely related to species range size and pathogen incidence

Conservation biology can profit greatly from incorporating a phylogenetic perspective into analyses of patterns and drivers of species extinction risk. We applied such an approach to analyse patterns of bumblebee (Bombus) decline. We assembled a database representing approximately 43% of the circa 260 globally known species, which included species extinction risk assessments following the International Union fo Conservation of Nature Red List categories and criteria, and information on species traits presumably associated with bumblebee decline. We quantified the strength of phylogenetic signal in decline, range size, tongue length and parasite presence. Overall, about one-third of the assessed bumblebees are declining and declining species are not randomly distributed across the Bombus phylogeny. Susceptible species were over-represented in the subgenus Thoracobombus (approx. 64%) and under-represented in the subgenus Pyrobombus (approx. 6%). Phylogenetic logistic regressions revealed that species with small geographical ranges and those in which none of three internal parasites were reported (i.e. Crithidia bombi, Nosema spp. or Locustacarus buchneri) were particularly vulnerable. Bumblebee evolutionary history will be deeply eroded if most species from threatened clades, particularly those stemming from basal nodes, become finally extinct. The habitat of species with restricted distribution should be protected and the importance of pathogen tolerance/resistance as mechanisms to deal with pathogens needs urgent research.保护生物学若能将系统发育视角纳入物种灭绝风险格局及其驱动因素的分析，将可极大获益。我们采用该方法对熊蜂属（Bombus）种群衰退的格局展开分析。我们构建了涵盖全球已知约260种熊蜂中43%物种的数据库，其中包含依据世界自然保护联盟（International Union for Conservation of Nature）红色名录等级与标准完成的物种灭绝风险评估，以及推测与熊蜂衰退相关的物种性状信息。我们量化了种群衰退、分布范围、喙长以及寄生虫侵染情况这几个性状的系统发育信号强度。总体而言，约三分之一的评估熊蜂种群正处于衰退状态，且衰退物种在熊蜂属系统发育树上并非随机分布。易受威胁的物种在厚熊蜂亚属（Thoracobombus）中占比过高（约64%），而在火熊蜂亚属（Pyrobombus）中占比过低（约6%）。系统发育逻辑回归分析显示，地理分布范围狭小的物种，以及未被报道携带三种体内寄生虫（即熊蜂短膜虫（Crithidia bombi）、微孢子虫属（Nosema spp.）以及布氏蜂螨（Locustacarus buchneri））的物种，尤其容易受到威胁。若受威胁演化支中的多数物种，尤其是起源于基部节点的物种最终灭绝，熊蜂的演化历史将遭受严重破坏。应保护分布范围受限物种的栖息地，而病原体耐受/抗性作为应对病原体的机制，其重要性亟待开展研究。