Research progress in the application of peripheral nerve surgery for spastic paralysis

Peripheral nerve surgery, including peripheral neurotomy and nerve transfer, is an effective treatment for spastic paralysis resulting from central nervous system injuries. Peripheral neurotomy reduces muscle tension by severing portions of nerves; side-to-side neurorrhaphy (STS) employs nerve trunk incision and sutures to decrease tone while promoting functional recovery; contralateral cervical 7 nerve transposition (CC7) combines sectioning with transposition and additionally induces brain plasticity. Furthermore, preliminary studies suggest peripheral nerve balancing holds potential for treating spastic paralysis. Future research should focus on optimization of peripheral nerve surgical techniques and evaluation methodologies, expansion clinical applications, and particularly exploration of strategies to enhance brain plasticity and strengthen functional recovery. These efforts will advance the field to better serve more patients with spastic paralysis.