Gut microbiome in the Graves' disease: comparison before and after anti-thyroid drug treatment

Several studies have explored the link between the gut microbiome and Graves's disease (GD) but lacked data on microbiome changes following anti-thyroid drug (ATD) treatment. Stool samples from 29 newly diagnosed GD patients were analyzed before and after 6 months of ATD treatment. Results showed a significant decrease in microbial diversity in GD patients, which increased after treatment, resembling healthy levels. GD patients had lower levels of Firmicutes and higher levels of Bacteroidota, which normalized post-treatment. Specific microbial changes were associated with hyperthyroid symptoms. The study suggests the gut microbiome's involvement in GD pathogenesis and potential restoration with treatment.