Wordvice-mediated reformulations for EFL writers: Writing development and language awareness

The guiding research questions were:
RQ1: How does Wordvice‑mediated reformulation affect EFL writing performance (overall writing scores)?
RQ2: How does Wordvice‑mediated reformulation affect the linguistic quality of EFL writing (complexity, accuracy and fluency)?
RQ3: How does Wordvice‑mediated reformulation influence EFL learners’ language awareness?
The data were collected from three writing tests: pretest, immediate posttest and 2-week delayed posttest, plus one-on-one interviews with 10 students. The data for this study include: overall EFL writing scores, lexical and syntactic complexity, accuracy, fluencyi and the interview data. Data for fluency was analyzed using one-way ANOVA due to normal distribution, while other quantitative data were analyzed employing Friedman's two-way analysis of variance by ranks due to the non-distribution nature. The interview data was analyzed through content analysis based on ten guide questions.The findings showed that, overall, students’ writing skills improved, and they developed a heightened metalinguistic awareness of vocabulary, grammar, cohesion, coherence, organization, and style prompted by the Wordvice-mediated reformulations. However, they also acknowledged difficulties associated with the reformulations and expressed concerns about becoming overly dependent on AI.