THE LIBRARY SYSTEM IN THE SAMANID ERA AND ITS ROLE IN SCIENTIFIC AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT

This article examines the library system of the Samanid era and its significant role in the scientific, educational, and spiritual development of society. During the 9th–10th centuries, libraries in Mawarannahr and Khorasan functioned as major centers for preserving and disseminating knowledge. The study highlights the activities of mosque, madrasa, palace, private, and specialized libraries, as well as their organizational structure, manuscript preservation methods, and financing through waqf endowments. The article also analyzes the contribution of prominent scholars and rulers to the development of library culture and emphasizes the importance of libraries in supporting scientific progress, education, and cultural continuity in the Samanid state.