ANKRD1 promotes breast cancer metastasis by activating NF-κB-MAGE-A6 pathway

Early detection and surgical excision of tumors have helped improve the survival rate of 24 patients with breast cancer. However, patients with metastatic cancer have a poor prognosis. In 25 this study, we propose that ANKRD1 promotes metastasis of breast cancer. ANKRD1 was found 26 to be highly expressed in the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-LM-2 malignant metastatic breast cancer 27 cell lines compared to the non-metastatic breast cancer cells (MCF-7, ZR-75-30, T47D) and normal 28 breast cancer cells (MCF-10A). Furthermore, high-grade tumors showed increased levels of 29 ANKRD1 compared to low-grade tumors. Both in vitro and in vivo functional studies demon- 30 strated the essential role of ANKRD1 in cancer cell migration and invasion. The previous studies 31 have suggested an important role of NF-κB and MAGE-A6 in breast cancer metastasis, but the 32 upstream regulators of this axis are not well characterized. Our study suggests that ANKRD1 33 promotes metastasis of breast cancer by activating NF-κB as well as MAGE-A6 signaling. Our 34 findings show that ANKRD1 is a potential therapeutic target and a diagnostic marker for breast 35 cancer metastasis. To elucidate the mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis. We established MDA-LM-2 cell line in which each target gene has been knocked down by shRNA We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-sequencing of 3 different cells. Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of RNA-sequencing data for MDA-LM-2 cells and its knock down delivative (shANKRD1-14 and shANKRD1-49) **Submitters state that raw data has been lost and thus is not included in the records***