Coupling is key for the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans to boost super El Niño

The influences of the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans on the development of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), especially regarding super El Niño events, have been a subject of debate. In particular, several studies argue that these cross-basin influences may be mere statistical artifacts resulting from the high auto-correlation of ENSO. To clarify this issue, we conduct a series of perfect model hindcast experiments to untangle the individual and synergistic effects of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Our results clearly demonstrate that without these cross-basin effects, the Pacific warming would rarely reach super El Niño level. Specifically, the individual effect of the Indian Ocean efficiently enhances the development of super El Niño events. In contrast, the Atlantic effect is initially limited because it fails to establish the Bjerknes feedback in the Pacific. However, when coupled with the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic’s effect becomes more pronounced as it is amplified by the..., This dataset is the post-processed CESM model outputs of the CTRL and partial-decoupled experiments. All the results were processed by the NCAR Command Language (NCL)., , # Model simulation dataset of \"Coupling is Key for the Tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans to Boost Super El Niño\"

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rh1](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rh1)

This dataset contains the post-processed model data generated from four CESM experiments (the CTRL and three partial-decoupled experiments) as presented in the paper titled “Coupling is Key for the Tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans to Boost Super El Niño.” The data provided here serves as a reference for further research and analysis. The files of this dataset were processed using the NCAR Command Language (NCL).

## Description of the data and file structure

(1) “Fig1_3basins_indices.nc”:

This file includes data related to key climate indices, namely the Niño3.4 index, Indian Dipole Mode index (DMI), Indian Basin-wide Mode index (BWI), and Atl3 index. The data comprises observations and a 100-year free-integrated model simulation, as illustrated in Fig. 1 of the paper.

(2) “Fig2_hov_S...