Coupling is key for the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans to boost super El Niño

The influences of the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans on the development of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), especially regarding super El Niño events, have been a subject of debate. In particular, several studies argue that these cross-basin influences may be mere statistical artifacts resulting from the high auto-correlation of ENSO. To clarify this issue, we conduct a series of perfect model hindcast experiments to untangle the individual and synergistic effects of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Our results clearly demonstrate that without these cross-basin effects, the Pacific warming would rarely reach super El Niño level. Specifically, the individual effect of the Indian Ocean efficiently enhances the development of super El Niño events. In contrast, the Atlantic effect is initially limited because it fails to establish the Bjerknes feedback in the Pacific. However, when coupled with the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic’s effect becomes more pronounced as it is amplified by the..., This dataset is the post-processed CESM model outputs of the CTRL and partial-decoupled experiments. All the results were processed by the NCAR Command Language (NCL)., , # Model simulation dataset of \"Coupling is Key for the Tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans to Boost Super El Niño\" [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rh1](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rh1) This dataset contains the post-processed model data generated from four CESM experiments (the CTRL and three partial-decoupled experiments) as presented in the paper titled “Coupling is Key for the Tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans to Boost Super El Niño.” The data provided here serves as a reference for further research and analysis. The files of this dataset were processed using the NCAR Command Language (NCL). ## Description of the data and file structure (1) “Fig1_3basins_indices.nc”: This file includes data related to key climate indices, namely the Niño3.4 index, Indian Dipole Mode index (DMI), Indian Basin-wide Mode index (BWI), and Atl3 index. The data comprises observations and a 100-year free-integrated model simulation, as illustrated in Fig. 1 of the paper. (2) “Fig2_hov_S...热带印度洋与热带大西洋对厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（El Niño Southern Oscillation, ENSO）发展的影响，尤其是针对超级厄尔尼诺事件的相关机制，长期以来一直是学界争论的核心议题。诸多研究指出，这类跨海盆的影响或许仅是由ENSO自身高自相关性所引发的统计假象。为厘清这一争议，本研究开展了一系列完美模式回报试验，以拆解印度洋与大西洋各自的独立效应及其协同作用。研究结果清晰证实：若缺乏这类跨海盆作用，太平洋暖海温事件几乎无法发展至超级厄尔尼诺的强度。具体而言，印度洋的独立效应可有效促进超级厄尔尼诺事件的发展；与之相对，大西洋的作用初期较为有限，因其无法在太平洋建立比耶克尼斯反馈（Bjerknes feedback）机制。但当与印度洋的作用耦合后，大西洋的效应会被显著放大，从而愈发显著……本数据集为论文《耦合是热带印度洋与大西洋增强超级厄尔尼诺效应的关键》（Coupling is Key for the Tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans to Boost Super El Niño）中的控制试验（CTRL）与部分耦合试验的后处理CESM模式输出结果，所有结果均通过NCAR命令语言（NCAR Command Language, NCL）完成处理。 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rh1 本数据集包含该论文中提及的4组CESM试验（控制试验与3组部分耦合试验）生成的后处理模式数据，仅供后续研究与分析参考。本数据集的所有文件均通过NCAR命令语言（NCL）完成处理。 ### 数据与文件结构说明 1. "Fig1_3basins_indices.nc"：该文件包含与关键气候指数相关的数据，具体包括尼诺3.4指数（Niño3.4 index）、印度洋偶极子模态指数（Indian Dipole Mode index, DMI）、印度洋全海盆模态指数（Indian Basin-wide Mode index, BWI）以及Atl3指数。数据涵盖观测资料与一段100年的自由积分模式模拟结果，对应论文中的图1内容。 2. "Fig2_hov_S..."