Data from: Translocation of wild populations: conservation implications for the genetic diversity of the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera

Translocation has been widely studied as a tool for conservation management to restore or enhance degraded populations. On the contrary few studies have been conducted on translocation for commercial purposes. In this study we evaluate the genetic consequences of translocation of wild individuals of Pinctada margaritifera on farmed and adjacent wild populations. We tested the hypotheses that translocations would induce high genetic heterogeneity in farmed populations and this heterogeneity would then leak into the adjacent wild populations. In fact, farmed samples exhibit high levels of heterogeneity and low pairwise relatedness compared to wild populations, highlighting the pooling of genetically divergent populations into farms. We also demonstrate that this heterogeneity is transmitted to adjacent wild populations as a result of interbreeding. Adjacent wild populations tend to have higher genetic diversity values and greater pairwise relatedness coefficient with farmed populations than wild populations. Overall pearl culture in French Polynesia promotes the mixing of unrelated individuals in farmed locations and reduces genetic divergence among geographically distant populations as well as among farmed and wild populations of a same lagoon. We also studied for the first time, a farmed population originating from spat collected in a lagoon where release of hatchery produced larvae occurred ten year ago and we were able to identify four distinct genetic groups. These groups contribute highly to reproduction and caused considerable genetic drift in the lagoon, suggesting that hatchery produced larvae are neither sustainable method for pearl culture nor for conserving the diversity of P. margaritifera in French Polynesia.移殖（Translocation）作为恢复或改善退化种群的保育管理手段已得到广泛研究。与此截然不同的是，以商业为目的的移殖研究却寥寥无几。本研究评估了对大珠母贝（Pinctada margaritifera）野生个体实施移殖后，对养殖种群及其邻近野生种群产生的遗传效应。我们验证了如下假说：移殖将使养殖种群产生较高的遗传异质性，且该异质性会扩散至邻近的野生种群。研究结果显示，相较于野生种群，养殖样本呈现出更高水平的遗传异质性与更低的成对亲缘关系，这表明养殖场内汇集了遗传背景差异显著的种群。我们还证实，由于跨种群杂交，这种遗传异质性会传递至邻近的野生种群。邻近野生种群的遗传多样性水平更高，且与养殖种群的成对亲缘关系系数也高于野生种群之间的亲缘关系系数。总体而言，法属波利尼西亚的珍珠养殖活动促进了养殖区域内无亲缘关系个体的混合，同时降低了地理隔离种群间的遗传分化，以及同一泻湖内养殖种群与野生种群间的遗传分化。我们还首次对一个养殖种群展开了研究：该种群的苗种采集自十年前曾投放过人工孵化幼体的泻湖，我们成功鉴定出四个独立的遗传类群。这些类群对繁殖活动贡献显著，并在该泻湖中引发了显著的遗传漂变，这表明人工孵化幼体既不适用于珍珠养殖的可持续发展，也无法实现法属波利尼西亚大珠母贝多样性的保护。