Big data set

Abstract: Background: The prognosis of COVID-19 could influence by innate immune sensors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). The purpose of this study was to investigate TLR3, 7, and 8 expression levels in COVID-19 patients and their relationship to outcome of disease. Material and methods: 75 confirm COVID-19 were included sequentially and separated into three groups: mild, severe, and critical. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the whole blood, and RNA was then extracted. The qRT-PCR technique was used to examine the expression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genes. Results: The patients' average ages were 52.69±1.9. 13 of the 25 individuals in each group were male. TLR3 (p < 0.001), TLR7 (p < 0.001), and TLR8 (p < 0.001) expression levels were considerably greater in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. The findings also showed that individuals with critical and severe COVID-19 disease had significantly greater TLR7 and TLR8 gene expression levels than patients in mild stage of disease (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant difference (p = 0.01) in the TLR3 transcript levels between critical and mild COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, male severe (p = 0.02) and critical (p = 0.008) patients had significantly higher TLR8 expression levels than female patients in terms of gender. TLR3 (p = 0.2) and TLR7 (p = 0.08) transcripts were more elevated in males than females, but not significantly. Conclusion: The result suggested that TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 gene might have a role in the disease severity. Furthermore, the degree of TLR8 expression may be associated with the severity disease severity in male patients. To confirm this claim, additional research is advised. Keywords: Toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), TLR7, TLR8, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coronavirus disease 2019