Dynamics of changes in the oral mucosa cellular composition during the regeneration of a wound defect using a protective piezoelectric coating

Introduction. The healing of a wound defect is a process based on a complex mechanism of intercellular interaction. The aim of this research was to study changes in the oral mucosa cellular composition during the regeneration of a wound defect with a protective piezoelectric coating and without it.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 50 Wistar rats, divided into four groups: control - intact rats, rats of experimental groups №1, №2, №3 were subjected to excision of a lip mucous membrane flap with the formation of a wound defect. In animals of experimental group №1, the defect was open, in animals of experimental groups №2 and №3, the wound defect was covered with a polymer membrane without copper modification and with it respectivily. Animals were sacrificed on the 3 rd , 7 th and 12 th day of the study. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of cell populations at the site of the defect
were studied using light and electron microscopy.
Results. On the 3 rd day of the study, neutrophilic infiltration prevailed in all groups. In the coated groups, a large number of macrophages and fibroblasts were observed, indicating the transition to the next stage of wound regeneration. On the 7 th day, in the 1 st group, extensive neutrophilic and macrophage infiltration persisted, in the 2 nd and 3rd groups, the signs of inflammation decreased, and wound regeneration was active. On the 12 th day in the coated groups, all the studied parameters reached the control values, in the 1st group all values were significantly higher than at the control group, there were violations of the ultrastructural structure of cells.
Conclusion. In the course of this study, the patterns of changes in the cellular composition of a wound defect during its regeneration were revealed. The use of the coating promoted accelerated wound healing, which was found during the analysis of changes in the composition of cell populations. It was proved that the closure of the oral mucosa wounds with polymer piezoelectric membranes influenced the restoration of tissue integrity favorably, and, consequently, reduced the risk of postoperative complications.