Factors associated with the therapeutic outcomes of tuberculous patients in the city of Antananarivo

<b>Context</b>: Unfavourable therapeutic outcomes are frequent situations that condition the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) control in Madagascar. Treatment failure and abandonment exposes to clinical complications and death. They perpetuate the spread of the disease and the development of drug resistance. <b>Objective</b>: The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with the therapeutic outcomes of TB. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective cohort study of TB patients diagnosed and treated from January 1 to December 31, 2018, was conducted at the TB Diagnostic and Treatment Center of Analakely Hospital (CHUSSPA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the relationship between dependent and independent variables. <b>Results</b>: The study enrolled 628 patients with a mean age of 37.19 with a standard deviation of 15.86 years. The sex ratio of males to females was estimated to be 1.57. The treatment success rate is estimated at 82.3% and the death rate at 4.9%. The failure and drop-out rates are estimated at 0.2 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively. The determinant of success was represented by female gender (AOR 1.67 [1.07-2.66]; p=0.026). The smear negative pulmonary TB (SMEAR-) is an unfavourable factor for treatment success (AOR 0.38 [0.23-0.65]; p&lt;0.001). The discontinuation factor was represented by the SNPTB clinical form (AOR 3.17 [1.60-6.21]; p=0.001). The SNPTB clinical form (AOR=8.03 [3.01-23.72]; p&lt;0.001]) and the extra-pulmonary form (EPTB) with an AOR 5.15 [1.99-14.95]; p=0.001 are found as a factor in the occurrence of deaths. <b>Conclusion</b>: Reinforcement of the diagnostic strategy for MPT patients - and of the therapeutic education of male and MPT patients - and rigorous monitoring of EPTB forms are essential to reduce the occurrence of these unfavourable outcomes.