Table_1_SILVOLIVE, a Germplasm Collection of Wild Subspecies With High Genetic Variability as a Source of Rootstocks and Resistance Genes for Olive Breeding.XLSX

Wild subspecies of Olea europaea constitute a source of genetic variability with huge potential for olive breeding to face global changes in Mediterranean-climate regions. We intend to identify wild olive genotypes with optimal adaptability to different environmental conditions to serve as a source of rootstocks and resistance genes for olive breeding. The SILVOLIVE collection includes 146 wild genotypes representative of the six O. europaea subspecies and early-generations hybrids. These genotypes came either from olive germplasm collections or from direct prospection in Spain, continental Africa and the Macaronesian archipelago. The collection was genotyped with plastid and nuclear markers, confirming the origin of the genotypes and their high genetic variability. Morphological and architectural parameters were quantified in 103 genotypes allowing the identification of three major groups of correlative traits including vigor, branching habits and the belowground-to-aboveground ratio. The occurrence of strong phenotypic variability in these traits within the germplasm collection has been shown. Furthermore, wild olive relatives are of great significance to be used as rootstocks for olive cultivation. Thus, as a proof of concept, different wild genotypes used as rootstocks were shown to regulate vigor parameters of the grafted cultivar “Picual” scion, which could improve the productivity of high-density hedgerow orchards.

欧乐橄榄（Olea europaea）的野生亚种构成了一个遗传变异的来源，具有巨大的橄榄育种潜力，以应对地中海气候区域的全球变化。本研究旨在识别对各种环境条件具有最佳适应性的野生橄榄基因型，作为砧木和抗性基因的来源，服务于橄榄育种。SILVOLIVE 收藏品包括 146 个野生基因型，代表了六个 O. europaea 亚种以及早期代杂交种。这些基因型源自橄榄种质资源库或直接在西班牙、大陆非洲和马德拉群岛进行的前期勘探。该收藏品通过质体和核标记进行了基因分型，确认了基因型的起源及其高度的遗传多样性。在 103 个基因型中量化了形态学和建筑学参数，从而识别出三个主要的相关性状群体，包括活力、分枝习性以及地下与地上比。在种质资源库中，这些性状表现出强烈的表型变异性。此外，野生橄榄近缘种对于用作橄榄栽培的砧木具有极大的重要性。因此，作为概念验证，不同野生基因型作为砧木的使用已被证明可以调节嫁接品种“Picual”的活力参数，这可能会提高高密度篱笆式果园的生产力。