Experimental infection supports the potential role of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) as intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2. Experimental infection of raccoon dogs with SARS-CoV-2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China at the end of 2019, and became pandemic. The zoonotic virus most likely originated from bats, definite intermediate hosts have not been identified. Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are kept for fur production, in particular in China5, and were considered as potential intermediate host for both SARS-CoV6 and SARS-CoV-2. Here we demonstrate susceptibility of raccoon dogs for SARS-CoV-2 infection after intranasal inoculation and efficient transmission to direct contact animals. Rapid, high titred virus shedding, in combination with mild clinic (rhinitis) and pathohistological changes, less pronounced immunological response and the absence of viral adaptations during infection highlight the role of raccoon dogs as a potential intermediate host. The results are significant for control strategies and emphasize the risk that raccoon dogs may become a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir. Sero-epidemiological studies are urgently needed. While SARS-CoV-2 might be controlled in holdings applying very strict measures, a spill-over into susceptible wildlife species, would be even a greater challenge for elimination.