Supporting data for "Chromosomal-level reference genome of Chinese peacock butterfly (Papilio bianor) based on third-generation DNA sequencing and Hi-C analysis"

<i>Papilio bianor</i> Cramer, 1777 (i.e. Chinese peacock) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) is a widely distributed swallowtail butterfly with a large number of geographic populations from the Southeast of Russia to China, Japan, India, Vietnam, Myanmar and Thailand. Its wing color consists of both pigmentary colored scales (black, reddish) and structural colored scales (iridescent blue or green dust). A highquality reference genome of <i>P. bianor</i> is thus important for investigating iridescent color evolution, phylogeography, and evolution of swallowtail butterflies. <br>Here, we obtained a chromosome-level de novo genome assembly of the high heterozygous Chinese peacock (<i>Papilio bianor</i>) (1.81%) using long Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) sequencing reads (43.19 Gb) and high-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. The final assembly is 402.00 Mb on 30 chromosomes (29 autosomes and 1 sex chromosomes W) with 5.50 Mb contig N50 and 12.51 Mb scaffold N50. Totally 15,375 protein-coding genes and 222.29 Mb (55.30%) of repetitive sequences were identified. The phylogenetic trees of representative species of butterflies and moths constructed using one to one single-copy orthologous genes indicate that the Chinese peacock was separated from a common ancestor of swallowtails about 23.69-36.04 million years ago (mya). Demographic history inferred using the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescence (PSMC) analysis suggested that the population expansion of this species from the last interglacial period to the last glacial maximum possibly resulted from its decreased natural enemies and its adaptation to climate diversity during glacial period. <br>We present a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of the Chinese peacock (<i>Papilio bianor</i>) using long-read single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C-based chromatin interaction maps. Our results lay the foundation for exploring genetic basis of special biological features of the Chinese peacock butterfly, and also provide a useful datasource for comparative genomics and phylogenomics among butterflies and moths.