Global Wind Atlas v3

The Global Wind Atlas version 3 data-sets contain microscale wind information at approximately 250m grid point spacing.<br>The data is created by first dynamically down-scaling ERA5 reanalysis data from 2008-2017 to 3km resolution using the WRF mesoscale model.<br>The WRF results are then generalized using DTU's generalization methodology, and then down-scaled using the WAsP model to the final 250m resolution.<br>The data in this directory consist of the entire global tiff at the full 0.0025 degree resolution on the WGS84 map projection. These data also include four sets of overview pyramids to improve the viewing of the data at low resolution.<br>Most of the data are named as follows: gwa_{variable}_{height}.tif, where variable is one of<br>* <b>wind-speed</b> - The mean wind speed at the location for the 10 year period<br><br>* <b>power-density</b> - The mean power density of the wind, which is related to the cube of the wind speed, and can provide additional information about the strength of the wind not found in the mean wind speed alone.<br>* <b>combined-Weibull-A</b> and <b>combined-Weibull-k</b> - These are the all sector combined Weibull distribution parameters for the wind speed. They can be used to get an estimate of the wind speed and power density at a site. However, caution should be applied when using these in areas with wind speeds that come from multiple directions as the shapes of those individual distributions may be quite different than this combined distribution.<br>* <b>air-density</b> - The air density is found by interpolating the air density from the CFSR reanalysis to the elevation used in the global wind atlas following the approach described in WAsP 12.<br>* <b>RIX</b> - The RIX (Ruggedness IndeX) is a measure of how complex the terrain is. It provides the percent of the area within 10 km of the position that have slopes over 30-degrees. A RIX value greater than 5 suggests that you should use caution when interpreting the results.<br>The files which do not follow the naming convention above are the <b>capacity-factor</b> layers. The capacity factor layers were calculated for 3 distinct wind turbines, with 100m hub height and rotor diameters of 112, 126, and 136m, which fall into three IEC Classes (IEC1, IEC2, and IEC3). Capacity factors can be used to calculate a preliminary estimate of the energy yield of a wind turbine (in the MW range), when placed at a location. This can be done by multiplying the rated power of the wind turbine by the capacity factor for the location (and the number of hours in a year): <br><br>AEP = P_rated*CF*8760 hr/year, <br><br>where AEP is annual energy production, P_rated is rated power, and CF is capacity factor.<br>

《全球风能图集》第3版（Global Wind Atlas version 3）数据集包含间距约250米的网格点处的微尺度风能信息。
该数据集的制作流程为先利用WRF中尺度模式，将2008-2017年的ERA5再分析数据进行动力降尺度至3千米分辨率。
随后借助DTU的通用化方法对WRF的计算结果进行处理，再通过WAsP模型进一步降尺度至最终的250米分辨率。
本目录下的数据为采用WGS84地图投影、全分辨率0.0025度的全球TIFF文件，同时包含四组影像金字塔以优化低分辨率下的数据浏览体验。
多数数据文件遵循如下命名规则：gwa_{变量}_{高度}.tif，其中变量包含以下几类：
- **风速（wind-speed）**：对应站点在10年观测时段内的平均风速
- **功率密度（power-density）**：对应站点的平均风能功率密度，其与风速的三次方成正比，可提供单独平均风速无法涵盖的风能强度相关额外信息
- **组合威布尔分布参数A（combined-Weibull-A）与组合威布尔分布参数k（combined-Weibull-k）**：为全扇区风速的组合威布尔分布参数，可用于估算站点的风速与风能功率密度。需注意，当站点风速来自多个风向时，单个风向的风速分布形态可能与该组合分布存在显著差异，使用此类参数时应谨慎
- **空气密度（air-density）**：空气密度数据通过遵循WAsP 12中的方法，将CFSR再分析数据中的空气密度插值至《全球风能图集》所用的海拔高度得到
- **崎岖度指数（RIX，Ruggedness IndeX）**：用于衡量地形复杂程度的指标，其取值为站点周边10公里范围内坡度超过30度的区域占比。当RIX值大于5时，解读该数据集结果时应保持谨慎
未遵循上述命名规则的文件为**容量因子（capacity-factor）图层**。该类图层针对3款不同的风力发电机组计算得到，三款机组的轮毂高度均为100米，叶轮直径分别为112米、126米与136米，对应三类国际电工委员会（IEC）等级（IEC1、IEC2与IEC3）。容量因子可用于估算安装于某站点的兆瓦级风力发电机组的年发电量，计算方式为将机组额定功率、对应站点的容量因子与全年总时数相乘：
AEP = P_rated × CF × 8760 小时/年，
其中AEP为年发电量，P_rated为机组额定功率，CF为容量因子。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

Global Wind Atlas v3是一个全球风能资源数据集，提供约250米网格间距的微尺度风信息，基于2008-2017年ERA5再分析数据通过WRF和WAsP模型降尺度生成。数据集包含风速、功率密度、Weibull参数、空气密度、RIX和容量因子等多个变量文件，覆盖不同高度，适用于风能资源评估和风电项目初步能量产量估算。