Advanced urban rooftop systems for scalable cooling and energy optimization in cities

This dataset provides the complete set of WRF/BEP+BEM v4.7.1 simulation outputs used to quantify the thermal, microclimatic and energy impacts of advanced rooftop heat-mitigation technologies across six tropical cities: Kolkata, Mombasa, Singapore, Rio de Janeiro, Miami and Darwin. The simulations evaluate material-based, nature-based, energy-oriented and hybrid rooftop systems that together constitute climatic roofs, conceptualized as an integrated urban-scale cooling infrastructure designed to enhance thermal regulation, human thermal comfort and energy resilience. All simulations employ one parent domain and two nested domains at 18 km, 6 km and 2 km resolution, with analysis focused on the 2 km urban grid during each city’s peak warm period. The dataset includes hourly fields of ambient temperature, urban surface temperature, roof surface temperature, latent and sensible heat fluxes, relative humidity, wind speed, planetary boundary-layer height, thermal comfort (UTCI), cooling degree-hours and air-conditioning energy demand. Each variable is accompanied by detailed statistical summaries, including maximum, minimum, 24-hour average, daytime maximum, daytime minimum, daytime average, nighttime maximum, nighttime minimum and nighttime average. This harmonized dataset enables comprehensive cross-city evaluation of climatic roof performance, urban energy exchange processes and mitigation efficacy under diverse tropical meteorological regimes.