Comparison between the microbiota of Baboon, Urban Saoudi, Bedouin and Fermented Food. Microbiota of Baboon, Urban Saoudi, Bedouin and Food

Diet plays a critical role on the gut microbiomes and both dietary habits and phylogeny can influence the bacterial diversity from carnivore to omnivore to herbivore. A high-fiber diet has been associated with an enrichment of the microbiome and differences associated with diet were found in the gut microbiota of different populations. Moreover, the gut microbiota can rapidly respond to altered diet, potentially facilitating the diversity of human dietary lifestyles . It was previously proposed that microbial diversity in the human microbiomes have decreased during human evolution and that recent lifestyle changes in humans have depleted the human microbiome of microbial diversity that was present in wild-living ancestors. However in this study we found that the gut microbiome of wild-living Bedouins was depleted comparing to westernized lifestyle of Urban Saudis indicating that the poor variety of food that Bedouins eat have a higher impact in the gut microbiome than the westernized lifestyle of Urban Saudis.