Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed the immunomodulatory role of T cells in the colon cancer tumor microenvironment

The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamic changes of tumor microenvironment and its effects on immune cell function in different TNM stages of colon cancer, identify key genes and signaling pathways related to tumor progression, and provide a basis for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), single-cell VDJ sequencing (scVDJ-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (stRNA-seq) were used to analyze colon cancer and adjacent tissues, systematically study the changes in immune function of T cells, especially CD8⁺ T cells, in the tumor microenvironment, and explore the role of key genes and signaling pathways in combination with TNM staging.