Comparison between MC-MDS and metric MDS.

1HI recovery ability is assessed by calculating the RMSE values on the Type I data using -fold cross validation, and these values are also called local RMSEs.2A correlation coefficient (CC value) is calculated from the pairwise distances among antigens for every two independent runs. The CC values in this table were calculated from different runs.3A maximum distance (MD value) refers to the difference between the maximum distance among any antigens in the benchmark cartography and that from the method being evaluated (either MC-MDS or metric MDS). The MD values in this table were calculated from different runs.4A pairwise distance RMSE (PD value) is the difference between the pairwise distances among all antigens in the benchmark cartography and those from the method being evaluated. The PD values in this table were calculated from different runs. The PD values for H3N2 data were not assessed since we do not know the ground truth of antigenic cartography for this dataset.5The value in the bracket is the standard deviation of the associated parameter.