Prevalence of anxio-depressive disorders, insomnia and self-esteem in a Moroccan population addicted to cannabis and/or alcohol: a cross-sectional study

Addiction to cannabis and alcohol is a global public health concern, linked to significant mental health impairments such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and low self-esteem. This study, conducted in Marrakech’s addiction treatment centers, aims to assess the prevalence of mental health disorders, insomnia, and self-esteem among individuals seeking treatment for alcohol and/or cannabis addiction. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 2023 to January 1 2024. Depression, anxiety, insomnia, and self-esteem were assessed using the HADS, ISI, and Rosenberg scale. Anxiety prevalence for cannabis, alcohol, and both substances was 57.9%, 55.2%, and 59.2%, respectively. Depression prevalence was 71.7% (cannabis), 73.1% (alcohol), and 75% (both substances). Sub-clinical insomnia (mild) prevalence for the three groups was 65.4%, 71.6%, and 77.6%. Low self-esteem was observed at 59.1%, 64.2%, and 60.5% for cannabis, alcohol, and both substances, respectively. No significant association has been found between the type of product consumed (cannabis, alcohol, cannabis and alcohol) and anxiety, depression, insomnia and self-esteem. These findings highlight prevalent mental health disorders in cannabis and alcohol addiction, underscoring the need for comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatments, including regular mental health screenings, quarterly follow-ups, and family involvement in group therapies at Moroccan addiction centers.