Labor Market Panel Survey, ELMPS 2023

EGY_ELMPS_2023_V2.1 Labor Market Panel Survey, ELMPS 2023 Labor Market Panel Surveys [hh/LMPS] The Economic Research Forum (ERF) in cooperation with Egypt's Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) has carried out The Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) during the years 1998, 2006, 2012, and 2018. In 2023, the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, the Egyptian Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and the Economic Research Forum (ERF) signed a tripartite memorandum of understanding to conduct the fifth (2023) round of the ELMPS. The series also includes two waves in Jordan (JLMPS 2010 and 2016), one wave in Tunisia (TLMPS 2014) and one wave in Sudan (SLMPS 2022). The comparable data from the special round of the Labor Force Survey carried out in October 1988 by CAPMAS is also appended to the data series. The Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) has been carried out in 1998, 2006, 2012, and 2018 by the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in cooperation with Egypt's Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Tracking a panel of households and individuals over 25 years, the data have become the workhorse of research on labor markets, human development, migration, family formation, and social protection in Egypt. In 2023, a tripartite memorandum of understanding was signed by the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, CAPMAS and ERF to conduct the fifth (2023) round of the ELMPS. This fifth wave of the ELMPs leverages the ELMPS panel to examine how Egypt's labor market has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent developments in the Egyptian economy. The questionnaire builds on the questionnaires used in previous waves, which will facilitate data comparability. The ELMPS series covers topics such as parental background, education, housing, access to services, residential mobility, migration and remittances, time use, marriage patterns and costs, fertility, women's decision making and empowerment, job dynamics, savings and borrowing behavior, the operation of household enterprises and farms, besides the usual focus on employment, unemployment and earnings in typical labor force surveys. The recent ELMPSs also provide information on health, gender role attitudes, food security, hazardous work, community infrastructure, the cost of housing, and specific questions on vulnerability, coping strategies and access to social safety net programs. A full time use diary for adolescents and adults aged ten and older is included in the time use module starting in 2023, in addition to a shorter summary version for children aged 6 to 9. In addition to the survey's panel design, which permits the study of various phenomena over time, the survey also contains a large number of retrospective questions about the timing of major life events such as education, residential mobility, jobs, marriage and fertility. The survey provides detailed information about place of birth and subsequent residence, as well information about schools and universities attended at various stages of an individual's trajectory, which permit the individual records to be linked to information from other data sources about the geographic context in which the individual lived and the educational institutions s/he attended. Specific questions on the impact of COVID-19 and pressing issues in Egypt's labor market have been added for 2023, as well as questions on the green economy, the digital/gig economy, and skills, which have important labor market and policy implications for Egypt. The ELMPS 2023 captured 70,636 individuals and 17,784 households. Of these, 50,268 individuals and 13,565 households were tracked from 2018 to 2023. The series of Labor Market Panel survey (LMPS) also includes two waves in Jordan (JLMPS 2010 and 2016), one wave in Tunisia (TLMPS 2014) and one wave in Sudan (SLMPS 2022). ===================================================================================== For more information on the ELMPS series, see: Assaad, R. and C. Krafft. 2024. Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel survey 2023. ERF Working Paper No. 1748. https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2023/ ===================================================================================== "We acknowledge the financial support of the International Labour Organization through the Government of the Netherlands and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, World Bank Poverty and Equity Global Practice supported by the UK-funded Strategic Partnership for Egypt’s Inclusive Growth trust fund (SPEIG TF), and World Bank MENA Chief Economist office, Agence Française de Développement, Ministry of Planning, Economic Development and International Cooperation, Egypt, and UNICEF for the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2023." Sample survey data [ssd] 1- Households. 2- Individuals. 3- Enterprises. V2.1: this version includes the following data files : ================================== 1) Cross-section (xs) data for 2023. Updated to correct the cleaning of the following variables: q3123, q3132, q3144 2) Repeated cross section for 1988, 1998, 2006, 2012 , 2018, 2023 3) Panel data ===================== 2025-02 The topics covered by the survey included: Parental background, education, housing, access to services, residential mobility, migration and remittances, time use, marriage patterns and costs, fertility, women’s decision making and empowerment, job dynamics, savings and borrowing behavior, the operation of household enterprises and farms, besides the usual focus on employment, unemployment and earnings in typical labor force surveys. ELMPS 2023 also provides information on health, gender role attitudes, food security, hazardous work, vulnerability, coping strategies and access to social safety net programs. In addition to the survey’s panel design, which permits the study of various phenomena over time, the survey also contains a large number of retrospective questions about the timing of major life events such as education, residential mobility, jobs, marriage and fertility. The survey provides detailed information about place of birth and subsequent residence, as well information about schools and colleges attended at various stages of an individual’s trajectory, which permit the individual records to be linked to information from other data sources about the geographic context in which the individual lived and the educational institutions s/he attended. <td>Regions: <tr><td>Greater Cairo <tr><td>Alexandria and Suez Canal <tr><td>Urban Lower Egypt <tr><td>Urban Upper Egypt <tr><td>Rural Lower Egypt <tr><td>Rural Upper Egypt The survey covered a national sample of households and all households members aged 6 and above. In addition to Enterprises operated by the household. As a longitudinal survey, the ELMPS attempts to track households included in the previous waves and interview all their remaining and new members. The survey also tries to locate any individuals who may have split from these households between waves, and attempts to interview them, as well as any other individuals found in the households they formed or joined. There were 15,746 households fielded in 2018. Of those, 13,565 (86.1%) were successfully re-contacted in 2023. These located households may have moved or had a different composition from 2018 to 2023, but the household and at least one member from 2018 was reached in 2023. Inasmuch as possible, when a household was not present in their 2018 location, information was gathered from neighbors and their 2018 phone number was used in an attempt to contact and locate them. In some cases, we know the entire household left the country or sample frame (e.g., moved to collective housing, such as a dormitory or prison, or the Frontier governorates). This occurred for 171 households in 2023 (1.1% of the 2018 sample). Likewise, for 139 households, the entire household was known to be deceased (0.9% of the 2018 sample). Leaving the sample frame and all members dying are considered "natural attrition" - these panel individuals would not have been in the sample frame in 2023 if creating a new random sample. These naturally attrited households are excluded from our calculations of the attrition rate and attrition models. Type I attrition includes households that were unreachable or unable to be completed (1,475 of the 2018 households, 9.4% of all households) or refused (396 households, 2.5% of all households). The type I attrition rate is thus 12.1%. Of the 61,231 individuals in 2018, 54,252 of them were, in 2018, members of households that were then found in 2023. The vast majority (47,782, 88.1%) of these individuals were still in their original households. Among the 6,470 individuals no longer in their households, 2,277 (4.2% of the original sample) were lost due to natural attrition. Among those, 1,523 (2.8%) died, 706 (1.3%) emigrated or left the sample frame geographically, and 48 (0.1%) moved to collective housing. Among the 4,193 individuals (7.7% of the individuals whose households were found) who formed or moved to new households within the sample frame, 3,682 households were formed. A split household thus had an average of 1.14 individuals from 2018 (plus any new members). Because our sampling frame is based on households, we track these split households and attempt to contact them in their new locations, based on the information provided by their 2018 household members still in their original household during 2023 fielding. Of the 3,682 split households, we reached 2,171, but 1,501 attrited. This pattern yields a Type II attrition rate of 40.8%. In every wave of the survey, a refresher sample of 2,000-3,000 households is added to maintain the representativeness of the overall sample and to allow for a more in-depth examination of phenomena of interest. The ELMPS 2023 added a nationally representative refresher sample, as with all previous waves. The refresher sample is a stratified cluster sample. The refresher sample was executed as planned over 200 primary sampling units (PSUs) stratified by governorate and urban/rural. Although Egypt is majority rural, ELMPS 2023 over-sampled urban areas to ensure an adequate sample size in these more economically diverse labor markets. Thus, 120 urban PSUs and 80 rural PSUs were sampled. Within each location/governorate strata after assigning the number of PSUs, PSUs were selected randomly probability proportional to size. The realized refresher sample was 2,036 households. =============================================================================================== For more details on the sample of the ELMPS 2023, see: Assaad, R. and C. Krafft. 2024. Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel survey 2023. ERF Working Paper No. 1748. https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2023/ ======================================================================= For the household panel sample the weights calculations start with the 2018 household weights, and then account for Type I attrition. For split households, the weights are based on their 2018 households and then are accounted for Type II attrition. For split households, the weights also account for whether the new household was formed out of one or more previous households (commonly referred to as a share adjustment for component households). The refresher sample weights are based on the stratified cluster sample and non-response at the cluster level. The final weights incorporate both the panel and refresher samples. After applying population projections from CAPMAS, these inputs into the weights ensure the sample remains nationally representative. ========================================================================= For details on the creation of sample weights, see: Assaad, R. and C. Krafft. 2024. Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel survey 2023. ERF Working Paper No. 1748. https://erf.org.eg/publications/introducing-the-egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-2023/ ========================================================================= The questionnaire for the 2023 wave of the ELMPS builds on the questionnaires used in previous waves, which were described in Assaad and Krafft (2013) and Krafft, Assaad, and Rahman (2021). ======================================================== For more details, see https://erf.org.eg/publications/egypt-labor-market-panel-survey-introducing-2012-round/ https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/izajodm-2021-0012 ======================================================== The 2023 wave has two primary questionnaires, a household questionnaire and an individual questionnaire. The modules in these two questionnaires are; A) The household questionnaire includes; Statistical Identification; Tracking Splits, Individual Roster; Housing Information; Current Migrants; Transfers from Individuals; Other Sources of Income; Shocks and Coping; Household Non-Farm Activities; Agriculture Assets: Lands; Agriculture Assets: Livestock/Poultry; Agriculture Assets: Equipment; Agricultural Crops and Other Agricultural Income. B) The individual questionnaire includes; Statistical Identification; Residential Mobility; Father's Characteristics; Mother's Characteristics; Siblings; Health; Education; Past Seven Days Subsistence & Domestic Work; Employment in the Past Seven Days; Unemployment; Employment in the Past Three Months; Characteristics of Main Job; Secondary Job; Labor Market History; Marriage; Fertility; Female Employment; Earnings; Earnings in Secondary Job; Return Migration; Information Technology; Savings & Borrowing and Attitudes. Some entirely new modules were added in 2023, and some modules were substantially augmented. Three entirely new modules were added to the individual questionnaire, including a module on skills and a module on time use, both of which we will be describe further below. In the individual questionnaire, the “training” module was added with questions on specific training experiences (including internships and apprenticeships, along with online skill acquisition). The “job characteristics” module was augmented with additional questions on the skill requirements of the current job, ones that attempt to detect green jobs, assess job changes since the COVID-19 pandemic, detect interest in job changes, and measure preferences regarding remote work. The “information technology” (IT) module was updated to include the use of new forms of digital payments and mobile money as well as time spent on different IT purposes in past 24 hours. The “attitudes” module was augmented with questions about life satisfaction and future expectations for such, as well as questions about migration intentions, risk taking, patience, and feelings of safety. =============================================================================================== For more details on the changes in the questionnaires in ELMPS 2023, see: Assaad, R. and C. Krafft. 2024. Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel survey 2023. ERF Working Paper (forthcoming). ======================================================================= Data were collected on tablets using the ODK-X tools. Training of the trainers was held from July 24-29, 2023, at CAPMAS. Enumerator training was held from August 19-30 at CAPMAS. Data collection began September 15, 2023. The vast majority of data collection finished by the end of December 2023, with a small percentage of additional households finalized through January 2024. Fieldwork was undertaken by governorate-specific teams of enumerators with 3-5 enumerators and one supervisor. All the enumerators were women. Throughout fieldwork, quality control took place, mostly in person by separate quality control teams, with some quality control over the phone in governorates where that week's quality control sample was less than 3 households. Quality control took place on randomly selected modules, including for all individuals if random modules were from the individual questionnaire. ============================================================================================= For details on data collection, see: Assaad, R. and C. Krafft. 2024. Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel survey 2023. ERF Working Paper (forthcoming). ======================================================================= Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions. The users should cite the Economic Research Forum and Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics as follows: OAMDI, 2024. Labor Market Panel Surveys (LMPS), http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/. Version 2.0 of Licensed Data Files; ELMPS 2023-Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF). The Economic Research Forum and the Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics have granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data. (c) 2024, Economic Research Forum EGY_ELMPS_2023_V2.1 2024-11 Version 2.1