Code for: A century of wild bee sampling: historical data and neural network analysis reveal ecological traits associated with species loss

We analyzed the wild bee community sampled from 1921 to 2018 at a nature preserve in southern Michigan, USA to study long-term community shifts in a protected area. During an intensive survey in 1972 and 1973, F.C. Evans detected 135 bee species. In the most recent intensive surveys conducted in 2017 and 2018, we recorded 90 species. Only 58 species were recorded in both sampling periods, indicating a significant shift in the bee community. We found that the bee community diversity, species richness, and evenness were all lower in recent samples. Additionally, 64% of the more common species exhibited a more than 30% decline in relative abundance. Neural network analysis of species traits revealed that extirpation from the reserve was most likely for oligolectic ground-nesting bees and kleptoparasitic bees, whereas polylectic cavity-nesting bees were more likely to persist. Having longer phenological ranges also increased the chance of persistence in polylectic species. Further analysis ..., Contemporary sampling An open area on the north side of the ESGR (GPS coordinates: 42.461808, -84.011128) was the primary site for this study as it corresponds to the location of “Evans’ Old Field”, one of the areas historically sampled for bees. The site was visited every other week during the summers of 2017 and 2018 to sample bees. In 2017, the first sampling day was June 1 and the final sampling day was September 25. In 2018, the first sampling day was May 8 and the final day was October 3. We expanded sampling in 2018 to include a wider diversity of bees with narrower phenological periods. During each visit we sampled bees using three methods. First, we walked to the center of the open field and randomly selected a direction to start the first 25 meter transect. Three other 25 m transects were then established based on the first one, each at a 90-degree angle from the neighboring transect for a total of 100m sampled, with each transect segment moving away from a central location. ..., , # Code for: A century of wild bee sampling: historical data and neural network analysis reveal ecological traits associated with species loss #### Analysis of historical bee community sampling in the E.S. George Reserve: an ecological preserve. Published as Graham et al. 2024. The contents here are split into two sections: 1 - R scripts used in the analysis of Graham et al. 2024 2 - Data used in the analysis of Graham et al. 2024 Further info available at [https://github.com/prglaum/historicalBeeRecords_ESGR](https://github.com/prglaum/historicalBeeRecords_ESGR) & all data is available from [https://agdatacommons.nal.usda.gov/articles/dataset/Data_from_A_century_of_wild_bee_sampling_historical_data_and_neural_network_analysis_reveal_ecological_traits_associated_with_species_loss_/25233991](https://agdatacommons.nal.usda.gov/articles/dataset/Data_from_A_century_of_wild_bee_sampling_historical_data_and_neural_network_analysis_reveal_ecological_traits_associated_with_species_loss_/...本研究针对美国密歇根州南部一处自然保护地内1921年至2018年采集的野生蜂类群落样本展开分析，旨在探究保护地内群落的长期动态变化。1972年至1973年的密集采样调查中，F.C.埃文斯（F.C. Evans）共记录到135种蜂类；而在2017年至2018年开展的最新一轮密集采样调查中，我们仅记录到90种蜂类。两个采样时段仅共有58个物种，这表明蜂类群落已发生显著变化。 研究发现，近期采集的样本中，蜂类群落的多样性、物种丰富度及均匀度均有所下降。此外，64%的常见类群的相对丰度下降幅度超过30%。对物种性状开展的神经网络分析显示：寡食性地筑巢蜂与盗寄生蜂最易从该保护地中局地灭绝，而多食性洞筑巢蜂则更易存续；对于多食性类群而言，更长的物候期也能提升其存续概率。后续分析…… ### 当代采样 本研究的核心样地位于ESGR（E.S.乔治保护区）北侧一片开阔区域（GPS坐标：42.461808, -84.011128），该区域对应历史上开展蜂类采样的“埃文斯旧田”。2017年与2018年夏季，研究人员每两周对该样地开展一次蜂类采样。2017年的首次采样日期为6月1日，末次采样日期为9月25日；2018年首次采样为5月8日，末次采样为10月3日。2018年我们扩大了采样范围，以覆盖更多物候期较短的蜂类类群。 每次采样时，我们采用三种方法采集蜂类：首先，步行至开阔区域的中心，随机选择一个方向开始第一条25米样带。随后以第一条样带为基准，额外设置3条25米样带，每条样带与相邻样带呈90度夹角，总采样长度达100米，所有样带段均从中心区域向外延伸。…… # 代码说明：《百年野生蜂类采样：历史数据与神经网络分析揭示物种丧失相关的生态性状》 #### E.S.乔治保护区野生蜂类群落历史采样分析：一处生态保护地的研究 该研究以Graham等2024年的成果发表。本内容分为两个部分： 1. 用于Graham等2024年研究分析的R脚本 2. 用于Graham等2024年研究分析的数据集 更多详细信息可访问：[https://github.com/prglaum/historicalBeeRecords_ESGR](https://github.com/prglaum/historicalBeeRecords_ESGR)，所有数据集均可从以下链接获取：[https://agdatacommons.nal.usda.gov/articles/dataset/Data_from_A_century_of_wild_bee_sampling_historical_data_and_neural_network_analysis_reveal_ecological_traits_associated_with_species_loss_/25233991](https://agdatacommons.nal.usda.gov/articles/dataset/Data_from_A_century_of_wild_bee_sampling_historical_data_and_neural_network_analysis_reveal_ecological_traits_associated_with_species_loss_/...)