Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions and Relation to Water Quality in the Everglades

At present there are few reliable estimates of hydrologic fluxes between groundwater and surface water in the Everglades. This gap in hydrological investigations not only leaves the water budget of the Everglades uncertain, it also hampers progress in understanding the processes that determine mobility and transformation of contaminants, such as mercury, sulfate and nutrients. The objective of this project is to quantify hydrologic exchange fluxes between groundwater and surface water and its effects on transport of contaminants in the Everglades. The research furthermore relates surface water and ground water interactions to past, present, and proposed management of surface-water levels and flows in the Everglades. The principal research sites are the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project (ENR), Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A), and the freshwater wetlands of Everglades National Park. Results are being used to quantify ground-water exchange with surface flow, and to quantify the enhancement of chemical transformations of contaminants during transport across the interface between surface water and ground water. Two data sets are available for this project. The Northern Everglades Research Site and Sample Information data set contains a summary of the site locations, data types, and measurement periods in ENR, WCA2A, and WCA2B. The Seepage Meters Site and Sample Information data set contains vertical fluxes across wetland peat surface measured by seepage meters at research sites in ENR, WCA2A, WCA2B, and WCA3A. Additional data can be found in the appendices of the Open-File Reports 00-168 and 00-483.目前针对大沼泽地（Everglades）内地下水与地表水之间的水文通量，可靠估算资料仍较为匮乏。此项水文调查的空白，不仅导致大沼泽地的水量平衡状态难以确定，更阻碍了学界对汞、硫酸盐及营养盐等污染物的迁移与转化过程的认知进展。 本项目的研究目标为量化大沼泽地内地下水与地表水的水文交换通量，及其对污染物迁移过程的影响。此外，本研究还将地表水与地下水的交互作用，与大沼泽地过去、当前及拟议中的地表水水位与流量管理方案相关联。核心研究站点包括大沼泽地脱氮项目（Everglades Nutrient Removal Project, ENR）、水保护区2A（Water Conservation Area 2A, WCA-2A），以及大沼泽地国家公园内的淡水湿地。相关研究成果将用于量化地下水与地表径流的交换量，并阐明污染物在穿越地表水-地下水界面迁移过程中所发生的化学转化增强效应。 本项目可获取两类数据集。其一为北大沼泽地研究站点与采样信息数据集，该数据集汇总了ENR、WCA2A及WCA2B的站点位置、数据类型与测量时段信息。其二为渗流计（Seepage Meters）站点与采样信息数据集，该数据集包含了ENR、WCA2A、WCA2B及WCA3A各研究站点通过渗流计测得的湿地泥炭表层垂直渗流通量。更多相关数据可参阅公开文件报告（Open-File Reports）00-168与00-483的附录部分。