Data and code from: Immaturities in Reward Processing and Its Influence on Inhibitory Control in Adolescence

<p>Data and code are provided for an fMRI study examining brain function among adolescents and young adults during an anti-saccade (deliberately looking away from a target) task. The data package on OpenNeuro includes sex and age information for 28 participants, eye movement data, defaced resting-state anatomy scans, defaced imaging data collected for the task, a README, and a JSON file containing metadata for the anti-saccade task. The Github repository hosts data processing and analysis scripts.</p><p>From the abstract: "The nature of immature reward processing and the influence of rewards on basic elements of cognitive control during adolescence are currently not well understood. Here, during functional magnetic resonance imaging, healthy adolescents and adults performed a modified antisaccade task in which trial-by-trial reward contingencies were manipulated. The use of a novel fast, event-related design enabled developmental differences in brain function underlying temporally distinct stages of reward processing and response inhibition to be assessed. Reward trials compared with neutral trials resulted in faster correct inhibitory responses across ages and in fewer inhibitory errors in adolescents. During reward trials, the blood oxygen level–dependent signal was attenuated in the ventral striatum in adolescents during cue assessment, then overactive during response preparation, suggesting limitations during adolescence in reward assessment and heightened reactivity in anticipation of reward compared with adults. Importantly, heightened activity in the frontal cortex along the precentral sulcus was also observed in adolescents during reward-trial response preparation, suggesting reward modulation of oculomotor control regions supporting correct inhibitory responding. Collectively, this work characterizes specific immaturities in adolescent brain systems that support reward processing and describes the influence of reward on inhibitory control. In sum, our findings suggest mechanisms that may underlie adolescents’ vulnerability to poor decision-making and risk-taking behavior."</p>

本数据集提供了用于fMRI研究的数据和代码，旨在探究青少年和年轻成人在执行反扫视（故意避开目标）任务期间的大脑功能。OpenNeuro平台上的数据包包含28名参与者的性别和年龄信息、眼动数据、去脸的静息态解剖扫描、去脸的针对任务收集的成像数据、README文件以及一个包含反扫视任务元数据的JSON文件。GitHub仓库托管了数据处理和分析脚本。摘要内容如下：‘目前，青少年期不成熟奖赏处理的特点及其对认知控制基本要素的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，健康青少年和成年人在功能性磁共振成像过程中执行了一种修改后的反扫视任务，其中每试次的奖赏关联条件被操控。采用一种新颖的快速事件相关设计，使得评估不同时间阶段奖赏处理和反应抑制背后的脑功能发育差异成为可能。与中性试验相比，奖赏试验在所有年龄段都导致了更快的正确抑制反应，并且在青少年中抑制错误更少。在奖赏试验期间，青少年在提示评估时的腹侧纹状体中血氧水平依赖信号减弱，而在反应准备阶段过度活跃，这表明青少年在奖赏评估方面的局限性以及与成年人相比在期待奖赏时的增强反应性。重要的是，青少年在奖赏试验反应准备阶段还观察到前中央沟沿额叶皮层的活动增强，这表明奖赏调节了支持正确抑制反应的视觉运动控制区域。综上所述，本研究描绘了支持奖赏处理的青少年大脑系统中的特定不成熟性，并描述了奖赏对抑制控制的影响。总之，我们的发现提出了可能解释青少年易受不良决策和冒险行为影响的机制。’