An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia

The Australian pre-Pleistocene fossil record of Accipitridae (eagles, hawks, old-world vultures) comprises one latest Oligocene or early Miocene and one middle Miocene species, each represented by partial bones. Globally, most fossil accipitrids are based on single bones. The recent discovery of an older and considerably more complete accipitrid from late Oligocene sediments in Australia is therefore significant. It is derived from the Pinpa Local Fauna from the Namba Formation at Lake Pinpa, South Australia (~26–24 Ma). The fossil, described as <i>Archaehierax sylvestris</i> gen. et sp. nov., represents a raptor that was larger than the black-breasted buzzard <i>Hamirostra melanosternon</i> but smaller and more gracile than the wedge-tailed eagle <i>Aquila audax</i>. Comprehensive morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses resolved <i>Archaehierax</i> as a basal accipitrid, not closely related to any living subfamily and perhaps the sister taxon to all other accipitrids exclusive of elanines. Relatively short wings similar to species of <i>Spizaetus</i> and <i>Spilornis</i> suggest it was adapted for flight within enclosed forests. Additional accipitrid fossils from the Namba Formation, a distal femur and a distal humerus, are incomparable with the holotype of <i>A. sylvestris</i>; they may represent distinct species or smaller individuals of the new taxon. lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A25C569-3E9F-43B8-AAF8-F36CE405C06E