Interstellar scintillation studies on millisecond pulsars

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs), characterized by their exceptional rotational stability, are crucial for detecting low-frequency gravitational waves and establishing pulsar time standards. However, their signals suffer from interstellar scintillation and scattering due to propagation through the turbulent interstellar medium, which impairs timing precision. This review systematically details the analytical methods and geometric models of interstellar scintillation studies, summarizes relevant findings on MSPs from pulsar timing arrays, and discusses strategies to exploit scintillation analyses for enhancing timing accuracy.