Characteristics of the Case-control Studies Included in Meta-analysis.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CA, colonic adenoma; CN, colonic neoplasm; CP, colonic polyps; CRA, colorectal adenoma; CRC, colorectal cancer; CRN, colorectal neoplasm; CRP, Colorectal polyp; DM, diabetes mellitus; EA, esophageal adenocarcinoma, EC, esophageal cancer; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas; FGP, fundic gland polyps; GA, gastric adenoma; GC, gastric cancer; GN, gastric neoplasm; GP, gastric polyps; NA, not available; NSAID, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs; OR, odd ratios; SDA, sporadic duodenal adenomas; SDN, sporadic duodenal neoplasm.
adefined as colorectal neoplasm with a diameter >1 cm, the presence of three or more neoplasm, adenoma with villous component, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia, or adenocarcinoma confirmed by a gastrointestinal pathologist;
bthe study reported only an adjusted OR but could offer no additional information;
cincluding colonoscopy indications;
dincluding colonoscopy examination, and endoscopist;
eincluding BMI, smoking, DM, and use of aspirin or NSAID;
fincluding BMI, smoking, alcohol, DM, and use of aspirin or NSAID;
gincluding BMI, alcohol, smoking, DM and cholesterol level.